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Chapter 4 “The Rise of the Sumerian City-States” 4.1 Introduction NAME _________________________________ Date ______________________ Per ________ 4.2 Why was Mesopotamia a difficult environment? 4.3 ______________________ ______________________ ____________________ ? 4.4 Why was the water supply uncontrolled in the River Valley? 4.4 (continued) The name “Mesopotamia” means _______________________. Mesopotamia is located ____________________________________. Cities first appeared _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________ These first cities were like __________________________________ ________________________________________________________ The cities looked like ______________________________________ _______________________________________________________ The northern part _________________________________________ And the southern part ______________________________________ The sun _________________________________________________ There was very little rain for the farms. The rivers _______________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Building materials were scarce. ______________________________ ________________________________________________________ Mesopotamians faced 4 key problems as they tried to survive: 1) _____________________________________________________ 2) _____________________________________________________ 3) _____________________________________________________ 4) _____________________________________________________ In Neolithic times, people in some areas of the world began farming; one of these areas was the foothills of Zagros Mountain. in northern Mesopotamia. This was a good place to be because: 1) _____________________________________________________ 2) _____________________________________________________ 3) _____________________________________________________ Below the foothills and to the south, the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers ran through the plains, bringing precious water. But no one lived there because ________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Driven by the need for food, ________________________________ ________________________________________________________ The farmers who moved to Sumer faced many challenges. The biggest problem was the uncontrolled water supply. Melted snow would fill the river causing floods, but no one knew when the water would come. The problem was that their crops would ________________________________________________________ For much of the rest of the year ______________________________ ________________________________________________________ To succeed at growing crops, they had to ______________________ ________________________________________________________ Sumerian farmers began to _________________________________ 4.5 ______________________ ______________________ ____________________ ? 4.6 Why were there attacks by neighboring communities? 4.7 ______________________ ______________________ ____________________ ? They built _______________________________________________ When the land was dry _____________________________________ Over time, they learned other ways to control the water, such as: 1) _____________________________________________________ 2) _____________________________________________________ 3) _____________________________________________________ Irrigation systems provided enough water for Sumerian farmers to grow plenty of food. But now a new problem arose: _____________ _______________________________________________________ The irrigation system passed through many villages as it carried water. 1) _____________________________________________________ 2) _____________________________________________________ Farmers could no longer live apart; they were ___________________ ________________________________________________________ Gradually, villages came to _________________________________ ________________________________________________________ As Sumerian cities grew, they fought over the right to use more water. Sometimes cities located upriver _____________________________ ________________________________________________________ Sumerians began to _______________________________________ 1) ____________________________________________________ 2) ____________________________________________________ 3) ____________________________________________________ The walled Sumerian cities were like _________________________ _______________________________________________________ The Sumerian went from ___________________________________ A basic challenge for any group is ____________________________ _______________________________________________________ To control the water supply, ________________________________ To defend themselves, _____________________________________ Vocabulary (optional) Summary: (Attach on a separate sheet of (Attach on a separate sheet of paper) paper)