Download Unit 1 Workbook File

WG 3200- Unit 1
Workbook
NAME: __________________________
Complete all the following exercises as a
review of the major terms from this unit. This
booklet will be graded as part of your
assignment mark for the course so it must be
submitted at the end of Unit 1.
A: Introduction
Observing the elevation profile below which province would be least likely to have
extensive plains.
Imagine you flew from the west coast of South America to the east coast and you flew
right along the equator. What land forms would you fly over?
___?___ is a general term referring to the lye of the land.
Hills are typically defined as areas of upward relief less than ___?___m.
Mountains are defined as areas of upward relief greater than ___?___m.
Plains are areas of flat land with very little relief. They are found at ___?___
elevations often along coasts and in the center of continents.
Plateaus are areas of flat land with little relief. They occur at ___?___ elevations and
are associated with mountains.
B: Land Form Patterns
Which topographical feature do you find along the west coast of North and South
America?
When a continent contains a mountain range, on which part of the continent is it
usually found?
The boundaries between tectonic plates often coincide with which type of
topographical feature?
C: Plate Tectonics
In the figure above which letter is located at a ridge zone?
In the figure above which letter is located at a subduction zone?
In the figure above which letter is located where some of the earth's crust is melting
back into magma?
In the figure above which letter is located at a point where a volcano might occur?
In the figure above which letter is located at a point where compressional forces
might occur?
In the figure above which letter is located at a point where tensional forces might
occur?
In the figure above which letter is located at a point where new crust is forming?
D: Folded Mountains
What type of tectonic force is required to create folded mountains?
What name is given to the peaks created in folded mountains?
What term is given to the valleys created in folded mountains?
Are many of the world’s mountains formed by folding?
How long does it take for folded mountains to form?
At which type of tectonic zone would you find folded mountains? (ridge, transform or
subduction)
E: Tectonic Faults
What name is given to large cracks in the earth's crust?
What name is given to faults formed by tensional forces?
What name is given to faults formed by compressional forces?
How do overthrust faults differ from regular reverse faults?
F: Volcanic Mountains (continues on next page)
Which type of volcano is most explosive?
Which type of volcano is least explosive?
Which type of volcano is explosive at times and slow flowing lava at other times?
Which type of volcano has the thickest lava?
Which type of volcano has the thinnest, most liquid lava?
Which type of volcano often has side vents?
Which type of volcano has the gentlest slope?
Which type of volcano is steepest?
What term is given to the opening of a volcano?
Liquid, fluid, melted rock below the earth's surface is known as:
Liquid, fluid, melted rock that reaches the earth's surface is known as:
G: Physical Weathering
The term that refers to the breakdown of rocks and minerals.
The term that refers to the breakdown, transportation and deposition of rock
and minerals.
Weathering that relies on mechanical processes/forces to break down rock and
minerals.
Weathering that relies on chemical processes to break down rock and minerals.
Physical weathering that causes rocks to break off due to internal pressure.
Physical weathering that causes rocks to break due to freezing water expanding
in rock cracks.
Physical weathering that causes rocks to break due to fast changes in
temperature.
H: Chemical Weathering
Which type of chemical weathering involves organic acids dissolving minerals
allowing them to move away from the parent rock?
Which type of chemical weathering involves organic acids dissolving silicate
causing the formation of soft clay which can easily be leached away?
Which type of chemical weathering involves the formation of oxides, often in the
presence of water, which tend to be softer than the original mineral?
What affect would high ambient temperature have on the rate of chemical
weathering?
What affect would an extreme lack of water, like desert conditions, have on the
rate of chemical weathering?
What affect would heavy wind have on the rate of chemical reactions?
Which type of chemical weathering involves organic acids dissolving minerals
allowing them to move away from the parent rock?
How does the presence of ocean water affect the rate of chemical weathering?
I: River Life Cycle
What term is given to the land area that is drained by a river and its tributaries?
The Red River meanders along with a slow flow rate. It floods frequently. What
stage do you think it is in?
River "X" is a very fast flowing river with lots of rapids. It is a favourite site for XGames enthusiasts who like to "run the rapids" in kayaks. What stage is this river
in?
When a river digs deep down into the river-bed what type of erosion is
occurring?
When a slow moving meandering river gouges out the sides of the river at the
turns which type of river erosion is occurring?
Which stage of river has the steepest sides?
Which stage of river has the most meandering?
Which stage of river has the fastest flowing water?
Which stage of river has oxbow lakes associated with it?
Which stage of river has a broad flat flood plain?
Which stage of river is usually associated with mountains?
Which stage of river has a V-shaped valley?
Which type of erosion is very common in youthful rivers?
Which type of erosion is very common in old rivers?
J: River Deltas
The term given to the low lying land at the mouth of a river. Silt is deposited
there.
The term given to a fan shaped delta:
The name give to a finger shaped delta:
The name given to a delta that forms in a bay or estuary:
Why does so much deposition occur at the delta of a river?
K: Continental Glaciers
Where are continental glaciers found?
Where are alpine glaciers found?
Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one is very similar to
a river delta?
Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one is created by a
river running under the glacier?
Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one is a large
boulder that looks out of place in its surroundings?
Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one marks the
furthest extent of the glaciers movement?
Many land forms are created by continental glaciers. Which one is an egg-shaped
hill?
Which end of a drumlin indicates the direction of glacier motion?
L: Alpine Glaciers
What alpine glaciation feature consists of a circular hollow cut into the bedrock?
What alpine glaciation feature consists of a knife-like edge between adjacent
cirques?
What alpine glaciation feature consists of a valley that abruptly ends as the main
valley is at a much lower level?
What alpine glaciation feature consists of deposits along the side of the glacier?
What alpine glaciation feature is formed when a valley glacier reaches the ocean
and eventually melts back?
M: Erosion of Submerging Coastlines (continues on next page)
Water weather process where the pounding force of water/waves causes
physical weathering.
Water weather process where minerals such as calcium carbonate and limestone
dissolve in the water
Water weather process where rock and sand particles suspended in the water
bump, grind, scrape and gouge surfaces the water hits.
The protrusions of land that extend the farthest out into wave action of the sea.
Refers to the fact that dominant waves have enough energy to carry silt/sand
from headlands along the shore where it is later deposited.
What term refers to waves bending around headlands as they hit the shallow
water by shore?
What term refers to a ridge of sand running away from the coast, usually with a
curved seaward end?
What term refers to a ridge of mud sand or silt extending across a bay, formed
when spits stretch across the mouth of the bay?
What term refers to an accumulation of sediment deposited by waves and
longshore drift along the shore of a bay?
N: Erosion of Emerging Coastlines
What name is given to columns of land standing in the ocean just off shore?
Erosion of the weak portions in the sides of a headland creates which type of
shore line feature?
When sea caves erode through a headland what shoreline feature is created?
What wave phenomenon causes headlands to be eroded from both sides?
Which type of water/wave erosion is mostly responsible for the erosion that
leads to the development of sea stacks?
After sea stack formation are headlands longer or shorter?