Download Chapter 10 Review Guide

Chapter 10 Review Crossword
Across
1. Examples of _________ hazards include fires, earthquakes, and floods
4. A chemical that has a median lethal dose of 50 mg or less per kg of body weight
5. The amount of a chemical that kills exactly 50% of a test population
7. Human-made chemicals that can mimic and disrupt the effect of natural hormones
9. The process in which levels of a toxin are magnified as the pass through the food chain
10. The study of how toxins affect living organisms
11. Powerful pesticide that is partly responsible for reducing malaria, but also bioaccumulates and thins the
shells of various birds
14. The amount of damage that result from exposure to a chemical
Down
2. Examples of _________ hazards include smoking, poor diet, and criminal assault
3. The process in which substances are absorbed and stored in organs or tissues at higher than normal
levels
6. The possibility of suffering harm from a hazard that can cause injury, disease, economic loss, or
environmental damage
8. Examples of _________ hazards include viruses, pollen, and snake bites
11. The amount of a substance a person has ingested, inhaled, or absorbed
12. Examples of _________ hazards include mercury in food, arsenic in water, and carbon monoxide in the
air
13. A mathematical statement about the likelihood of harm (ex: the odds of dying from a snake bite are 1
in 56 million)
Question
1. Define risk.
2. List and give an example of the 4 types
of hazards people face.
Answer
The possibility of suffering harm from a
hazard
1. Cultural- smoking, drinking, driving,
etc.
2. Chemical- air, water, food, soil
3. Physical- fires, floors, earthquakes,
etc.
4. Biological- pathogens, pollens,
allergens, animals
3. Do all chemicals affect people the
same way (explain using the dose
response curve)?
No, some individuals are more or less
affected by any given dose.
4. What factors affect the response an
individual has to a chemical?
5. List 3 ways a harmful substance can
enter a person.
Age, gender, genes, immune system
6. Define dose.
How much of a substance a person
inhales, ingests or absorbs
Water soluble chemicals can be flushed
out of the body. Fat soluble chemicals are
more dangerous b/c they get stored in fat
tissue and cannot be removed.
chemicals stored in organs (fat) of animals
7. Differentiate between water and fat
soluble chemicals.
8. Define bioaccumulation.
9. Define biomagnifications.
10. Explain why some chemicals are found
in large amounts at the top of a food
chain?
11. Differentiate between antagonistic
and synergistic interactions.
1. inhalation
2. ingestion
3. absorption
Chemicals are passed to each member of
the food chain. Animals at the top of the
chain have the highest concentration of
chemicals in their system
Levels of a toxin are magnified at each
trophic level
Antagonistic- reduces harmful effects
Synergistic- multiplies harmful effects
12. List 3 ways studies are used to estimate
toxicity.
13. Define poison.
14. What does “the dose makes the
poison” mean?
15. What is a mutagen? Give an
example.
16. What is a teratogen? Give an
example.
17. What is a carcinogen? Give an
example.
18. What systems are compromised by
toxic chemicals in the environment?
19. Differentiate between transmissible
and non transmissible diseases.
20. What is a pathogen?
21. Differentiate between risk assessment
and risk management.
22. Why are antibiotics ineffective against
viruses?
23. Describe how bacteria become
resistant to antibiotics?
24. What are HAA?
25. What is meant by pollution
prevention?
1. case reports
2. epidemiological studies
3. lab experiments
Chemical that has a lethal does of 50
mg/kg of body weight
Any substance is harmful is the dose is high
enough
Causes changes to DNA. X-rays, UV rays,
sudan IV, ethidium bromide
Causes damage to an embryo/fetus.
Drugs, alcohol, medications
Causes tumors/cancer. Cigarette smoke,
asbestos, radiation, certain chemicals
Immune, nervous, endocrine
Transmissible- caused by living organisms
and can spread from person to person.
(bacteria, virus, parasite)
Nontransmissible- caused by something
other than a living organism and does not
spread from person to person. (cancer,
diabetes, etc.)
A living organism that causes disease.
Assessment- estimation harmful effects
Management- reducing/eliminating risk
If antibiotics are used too often for things
they can't treat—like colds or other viral
infections—they can stop working
effectively against bacteria and lead to
resistance.
Increased exposure to antibiotics leads to
genetic changes in bacteria.
Hormonally active agents- synthetic
chemicals that alter hormone levels.
Stopping pollution from happening rather
than cleaning it up.