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Chapter 6
CHAPTER 6 – PROTEIN: AMINO ACIDS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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Describe how the chemical structure of proteins differs from the structures of carbohydrates and
fats.
Describe the structure of amino acids, and explain how their sequence in proteins affects the
proteins' shapes. List the essential amino acids.
Discuss the processes of protein digestion and absorption.
Describe protein synthesis.
List the roles proteins play in the human body.
Define enzymes. List the roles they play in chemical reactions. Describe the differences between
enzymes and hormones.
Describe how the body uses amino acids. Define deamination. Define nitrogen balance. List the
conditions that are associated with zero, positive, and negative balance.
List factors that affect the quality of dietary protein. Define a complete protein.
Discuss how vegetarians can meet their protein needs without eating meat.
List the health consequences of ingesting inadequate protein and energy. Describe marasmus and
kwashiorkor. Discuss how the two conditions can be distinguished, and the ways they overlap.
Discuss how protein excess, or the type of protein eaten, influences health.
List the factors that are considered in establishing recommended protein intakes.
List the benefits and risks of taking protein and amino acid supplements.
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