Download File - Huff Hills Ski Patrol

Chapter 3
Rescue Basics
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Objectives
3.1 Describe how the body regulates
temperature.
3.2 Describe the four mechanisms of heat
exchange.
3.3 Describe the “fight or flight” response.
3.4 Describe the steps an OEC Technician
can take to be prepared when responding
to a request for assistance.
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Objectives
3.5 Describe how layering clothing can help
preserve body heat.
3.6 Describe the five modes of disease
transmission.
3.7 Define the following terms:
a.
b.
c.
d.
pathogen
Standard Precautions
body substance isolation (BSI)
hazardous material
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Objectives
3.8 List common personal protective
equipment used by OEC Technicians.
3.9 Describe the four components of the
scene size-up.
3.10 Describe and demonstrate how to
ensure scene safety.
3.11 Describe chain of custody.
3.12 Demonstrate how to safely put on and
remove disposable medical gloves.
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Topics
 Anatomy
& Physiology
 Preparing to Work Outdoors
 Protecting Yourself from Disease
 Assessing Emergency Situations
 Dealing with Hazardous Materials
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Topics
 Crime
Scene Management
 Dealing with Stress
 Chapter Summary
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Case Presentation
You stop for lunch on a chilly cloudy afternoon, but
are called to respond to a skier who has fallen from a
chairlift approximately 30 feet into a rocky ravine.
The patient is unconscious and extrication gear will
be required to evacuate him. A light freezing rain
begins to fall.
Two fellow patrollers are beginning treatment, but
one of them is not dressed adequately for the
conditions and is shivering.
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Anatomy & Physiology
 Homeostasis
 Temperature
◦
◦
◦
◦
regulation
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
 “Fight
or Flight” response to stress
continued
 Immune response
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Anatomy & Physiology
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Preparing to Work Outdoors
 Environmental
considerations
 Mental preparedness
 Physical Fitness
◦ Sleep and fatigue
◦ Food and nutrition
◦ Alcohol and substance abuse
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Preparing to Work Outdoors
 Proper
Equipment
◦ First aid and survival
• Rule of Threes
◦ Clothing
 Skin
and eye protection
◦ From the sun’s UVR
◦ SPF of 30 is minimum
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Preparing to Work Outdoors
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Preparing to Work Outdoors
 Hydration
◦ Dehydration can occur during any
activity
◦ Purification techniques used in survival
situations
 Prolonged
rescue response
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Preparing to Work Outdoors
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Protecting Yourself from
Disease
 Infectious,
communicable diseases
◦ Exposure is always possible
◦ Transmission may involve direct or
indirect contact, or airborne, ingested or
vector borne pathogens
◦ Contamination is often followed by an
incubation period. Others may be
infected during this time
 Common
BRADY
infectious diseases
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Protecting Yourself from
Disease
 Vaccinations
◦ Childhood programs cover many
diseases
◦ Hepatitis B, Flu, and TB are current
issues
 Standard
◦
◦
◦
◦
BRADY
precautions and BSI
Every patient is potentially infectious
Avoid contact with bodily fluids
Use personal protective equipment
Handwashing
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Protecting Yourself from
Disease
 Decontamination
◦
◦
◦
◦
and disposal
Cleaning, disinfection of surfaces
Biohazard bags and sharps containers
Clean-up of clothing, spills, snow
Know local protocols
 Exposure
situations
◦ Follow local protocols
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Case Update
With the weather getting worse, and despite the
spare hat and gloves, Peter is getting wetter and
colder. Care for the patient is moving forward.
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Assessing Emergency
Situations
 Scene
size-up
 Assess/assure overall safety
 Determine MOI or NOI
 Determine number of patients
 Determine need for additional
resources
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Assessing Emergency
Situations
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Dealing with Hazardous
Materials
 Have
the potential to cause harm to
humans, animals or the environment
 Must be dealt with by specially trained
personnel
 Placards should mark such materials
 MSDS information should be
available in resort facilities
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Crime Scene Management
 If
a crime is suspected, preserve the
scene
 Provide critical care for patients
 Protect patient privacy
 Do not make unauthorized statements
to the media
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Dealing with Stress
 Abnormal
stress may be acute,
delayed, or cumulative
 Know the warning signs of stress in
self and others
 Patrollers may have delayed stress
response, a form of PTSD
 CISM resources may be made
available to patrollers as needed
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Case Disposition
You tell Peter to remove his wet jacket; you give him
your backup waterproof jacket. You also hand him
two of your energy bars. You instruct another rescuer
to take Peter back to the ski area first-aid station so
that he can be checked and warmed up. Peter
realizes he was not prepared.
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Chapter Summary
 Rescuer
safety is always the #1
priority.
 Manage the four mechanisms of heat
exchange to your advantage.
 Adequately prepare yourself for
rescue operations.
 Physical fitness, adequate sleep, and
proper nutrition are important.
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Chapter Summary
 Your
personal pack should include
appropriate first-aid gear and
personal gear.
 Learning the Rule of Threes may
save your life.
 Standard Precautions, BSI, and PPE
are essential for preventing the
transmission of disease.
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Chapter Summary
 “Dirty
to dirty and clean to clean” is
helpful in removing disposable
medical gloves.
 The scene size-up includes an
assessment of scene safety, the
mechanism of injury, the total number
of patients involved, and the need for
additional resources.
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ
Chapter Summary
 Look
for dangers at a rescue scene
and be aware of changing scene
dynamics.
 Request assistance in HazMat and
crime-scene situations.
 Do not be afraid to ask for help if you
are having difficulty coping with
stress.
continued
BRADY
National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed.
©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ