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Vandiver Lecture Twenty - The Last Plays of Euripides Iphigenia at Aulis and Bacchae were both written at the end of Euripides' life, and were performed posthumously. The difference between these two tragedies should warn us against Iphigenia at Aulis focuses on the _________________________ and ______________________ of the main characters in the family. Agamemnon is simply a father _____________________________________________________. As the play opens, he is ___________________________________________________________. Euripides recasts Clytemnestra from the frightening "man-hearted" figure of early tragedy to One of Euripides' startling innovations is that Clytemnestra says to Agamemnon that he killed ________________________________________ and married ___________________________. But she forgave him. She begs him, "Do not make me into an ___________________________________." In the case of Iphigenia herself, Euripides alters the story by giving her a change of heart; she willingly offers Aristotle says this change of heart makes Iphigenia an inconsistent character but Vandiver disagrees because Iphigenia sacrifices her life for _____________________________________________________. Most scholars think that the messenger speech at the end, describing Iphigenia's last-minute rescue by __________________________, is a _____________________________________________. Iphigenia at Aulis is less connected with the Peloponnesian War than Hecuba or The Trojan Women, but it shares similar themes: 1. It highlights the suffering that war causes 2. As in Hecuba, a young unmarried girl takes on attributes Bacchae is also unique, in that it's the only surviving tragedy in which Dionysus The play describes Dionysus's In the prologos, Dionysos tells us that he is disguised as __________________________________. This is important because Semele's sisters think that This would mean there is no such god as ____________________________________. In Bacchae, Dionysus's worship and worshippers appear in two separate forms, marked by two contrasted bands of female worshippers. 1. The ____________________________________________________, or "Asian Bacchae" 2. The ____________________________________________________, or "Theban Bacchae" The Asian Bacchae enjoy _______________________________________________________; the (unwilling) Theban Bacchae enjoy _____________________________________________ but This contrast marks the ___________________________________________nature of Dionysus. Cadmus was the grandfather of both Pentheus and ___________________________________. Pentheus does not believe in _______________________________; thus, in his eyes the disguised "priest" has to be ____________________________________________________. Therefore, it is his duty as King of Thebes to The scene where Pentheus cuts off Dionysus's curls and takes away his thyrsus must have been chilling to the audience because The earthquake scene is one of the most discussed scenes in Greek tragedy in terms of Usually when something is described in great detail by the chorus or a messenger, it is described that way because Pentheus's continued disbelief after the earthquake and __________________________________ is not necessarily implausible. In his world view, he cannot accept a new god because He also can't accept the idea that a god could be born from a _____________________________. Even harder to accept is the fact that Semele was Pentheus's own _________________________. By the time Pentheus is ready to go into the mountains to spy on the Bacchae, he is already in Dionysus's power. He is dressed _______________________________________________, seeing _________________________________, and ___________________________________. This scene, Vandiver points out, is very reminiscent of ___________________________________ and reminds us of Dionysus's connection with ____________________. Most people access Dionysus's mood-altering side through the medium of _______________________. Pentheus is in contact with ___________________________________________________________. The Greek convention of ______________________________ makes Agave's entrance with the head-on-a-stick much more effective because Cadmus tells Agave that the reason for their sufferings is