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MESOPOTAMIA MESOPOTAMIA Greek meaning “Land between the rivers” The Tigris River and the Euphrates River. Fertile Crescent or quarter shaped moon. To the south east is the Mediterranean Sea or. Great Upper Sea. To the North East is the Persian Gulf or the Lower Sea. Present day Iraq capital Baghdad. Countries surrounding Iraq are Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Iran, Kuwait, Israel, and Lebanon CITY STATES Babylon Kish Nineveh Ur Large mud-brick walls Building made out of mud-brick. Moats surrounding city. Population lived within the city walls Better protection against attack Farms outside the city walls Farmers go to their farms during the day FARMING: Controlling the Tigris and Euphrates annual flooding through irrigation. Canal Ditches Dams Harvesting Storing of annual crop Growing fruits and vegetables Growing wheat and Barley Domesticated animals used for plowing and sowing GREAT MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATIONS Sumer Sargon of Akkad King of Akkad, Kish and Sumer City-State of Kish, Uruk and Ur. First civilization 4000 to 5000 B.C Responsible for the creation of farming Greatest inventions the wheel and writing. Writing called Cuneiform-wedge shaped writing Neolithic people Mastered the process of irrigation Farming community Created the process of Government Creation of Laws Creation of Taxation Higharchy of classes Assyria Warring civilization Capital City-State of Nineveh. Rule of Mesopotamia was fear. Babylon Last of the great Mesopotamian civilizations Capital City-state of Babylon Had the largest building in the ancient world Two great rulers Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar Hammurabi Code –Laws 282 Laws An eye for an eye. Nebuchadnezzar enslave the Israelites. Walked 500 miles from Jerusalem to Babylon Enslaved 60 years Babylon where the Bible became a book. Babylon a melting pot of different races and beliefs.