Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chapter 1: The Science of Life In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. _____ 1. hypothesis _____ 2. resolution _____ 3. magnification _____ 4. base unit _____ 5. dependent variable _____ 6. independent variable _____ 7. homeostasis _____ 8. peer review a. variable that is measured in an experiment b. the maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions c. a proposed explanation to a scientific question d. a factor that differs in the control group and the experimental group of an experiment e. the increase of an object’s apparent size f. critique of a scientific paper by an expert in the field g. the power to show details clearly in an image h. fundamental SI unit In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. _____ 9. A theory, in the scientific sense, is a. the same as a hypothesis. b. an uncertain guess. c. a set of tested and confirmed related hypotheses. d. a prediction. _____ 10. The function of the eyepiece in a compound light microscope is to a. provide light for viewing the image. b. support the slide containing the specimen. c. magnify the image. d. stain the specimen. _____ 11. During a scientific investigation, a researcher generally forms a hypothesis and makes predictions a. before asking questions. b. after drawing conclusions. c. before collecting observations. d. after collecting observations. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 9 Chemistry of Life The Science of Life _____ 12. The presence of viruses inside a cell can best be seen using a a. compound light microscope. b. transmission electron microscope. c. scanning electron microscope. d. hand lens. _____ 13. All of the following are important themes in biology EXCEPT the a. classification of living organisms. b. diversity and unity of life. c. interdependence of living organisms. d. evolution of life. Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided. 14. A(n) _______________________ is the smallest unit capable of all life functions. 15. The hierarchy of organization in a multicellular organism consists of cells, _______________________, _______________________, and _______________________. 16. All living things maintain a balance within their cells and the environment through the process of _______________________. 17. Parents produce offspring through _______________________. 18. Organisms that are _______________________ related are placed on branches that are close together in a tree of life. 19. _______________________ as a theme in biology helps biologists understand how organisms are related to other living organisms and to organisms that have lived in the past. 20. When an owl dilates its pupils in response to decreased light, it is responding to a _______________________. 21. An organism’s _______________________ is all of the chemical reactions that it carries out in order to run the processes of life. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 10 Chemistry of Life Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. _____ 1. A substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler kinds of matter is a(n) a. element. b. atom. c. molecule. d. electron. _____ 5. Water is _______, therefore _______ substances dissolve in it. a. polar, nonpolar b. polar, polar c. nonpolar, polar d. nonpolar, nonpolar _____ 6. Chemical reactions may _______ energy. a. absorb b. release c. require d. All of the above _____ 2. The bonds between the atoms that make up water molecules are called a. covalent bonds. b. hydrogen bonds. c. ionic and covalent bonds. d. covalent and hydrogen bonds. _____ 7. Without energy, organisms could NOT a. maintain homeostasis. b. carry out chemical reactions. c. make their own food. d. All of the above _____ 3. An atom is called an ion when it has a. either lost or gained electrons. b. either lost or gained protons. c. more neutrons than protons. d. lost its nucleus. _____ 8. Compounds are formed when a. atoms of an element lose an electron. b. atoms of an element gain an electron. c. atoms of the same element join together. d. atoms of two different elements join together. _____ 4. A solution is a mixture of a. polar and nonpolar substances. b. protons and neutrons. c. unevenly distributed substances. d. evenly distributed substances. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 11 Chemistry of Life Chemistry of Life _____ 9. Enzymes a. are usually carbohydrates. b. can only catalyze a reaction once. c. reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions. d. eliminate the activation energy of chemical reactions. _____ 10. Water stores heat much longer than other substances do, allowing organisms to a. heat themselves through evaporation. b. maintain a stable internal temperature. c. dissolve nonpolar compounds. d. maintain surface tension. _____ 11. The concentration of hydronium ions in a solution with a pH of 4 is how many times that of a solution with a pH of 2? a. 2 c. 100 b. 10 d. 1,000 In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. a. an attraction between substances of the same kind b. a reactant loses an electron c. bond found in a water molecule d. a reactant gains an electron e. an attraction between different substances f. having a pH above 7 g. bond found between water molecules h. a compound that forms hydronium ions when dissolved in water _____ 12. alkaline _____ 13. cohesion _____ 14. adhesion _____ 15. acid _____ 16. oxidation _____ 17. reduction _____ 18. covalent bond _____ 19. hydrogen bond Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 17 Biochemistry Chemistry of Life Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided. 20. Molecules that are _______________________ dissolve best in water, while _______________________ molecules do not dissolve well in water. 21. The weak chemical attraction between water molecules are _______________________ bonds, while the stronger chemical bonds between the atoms of each water molecule are _______________________ bonds. 22. Unlike most solids, solid _______________________ is less dense than its liquid form. 23. A hydrogen ion reacts with a water molecule to form a _______________________ ion. 24. When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, it dissociates to form _______________________ _______________________ and _______________________ _______________________. 25. Enzymes are a type of _______________________, which reduces the activation energy of a chemical reaction. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 18 Biochemistry Chapter 3: Biochemistry In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. _____ 1. All organic compounds contain a. nitrogen. b. oxygen. c. carbon. d. amino acids. _____ 5. A substrate attaches to the _______ of an enzyme. a. peptide bond b. R group c. active site d. activator _____ 2. Enzymes a. are usually carbohydrates. b. can only catalyze a reaction once. c. reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions. d. eliminate the activation energy of chemical reactions. _____ 6. A model of enzyme action is the a. induced fit model. b. lipid bilayer model. c. activator action model. d. active site model. _____ 7. Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called a _______ reaction. a. hydrolysis b. redox c. condensation d. ionic _____ 3. Which of the following groups of terms is associated with carbohydrates? a. monosaccharide, glycogen, cellulose b. monosaccharide, cellulose, lipid c. disaccharide, polysaccharide, steroid d. polysaccharide, amino acid, collagen _____ 8. All of the following are functional groups EXCEPT a. a hydroxyl group. b. an amino group. c. a carboxyl group. d. a carbonate group. _____ 9. A phospholipid molecule contains all of the following EXCEPT a. two fatty acids. b. three fatty acids. c. a phosphate group. d. glycerol _____ 4. Two polysaccharides that store glucose are a. starch and waxes. b. starch and glycogen. c. sucrose and cellulose. d. cellulose and glycogen. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 19 Biochemistry Biochemistry In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. _____ 10. carbohydrate a. subunit of most lipids _____ 11. functional group b. molecule that stores energy c. molecule made of repeating units _____ 12. monomer d. functions in protein synthesis _____ 13. polymer e. cluster of atoms that influence the molecules they compose _____ 14. ATP f. contains genetic information _____ 15. DNA g. subunit of protein _____ 16. RNA _____ 17. amino acid h. small simple molecule that makes up a larger molecule _____ 18. nucleotide i. ratio of 1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen _____ 19. fatty acid j. contains a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. Refer to the diagrams below to answer questions 20–22. 20. Identify the class of organic compound represented by each of the molecules shown above. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 1 The Science of Life Biochemistry 21. For each type of compound shown in the diagram, explain the role it plays in your body. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 22. How can you tell whether a compound is organic or not? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 23. Explain why living things need energy and where they get it. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 24. Briefly describe the function of ATP in cells. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 25. Why is cholesterol needed by the body? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 2 The Science of Life