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Name: ________________________ Date: ___________________Period:______
Question:
Blood Transfusion Lab
What types of blood can safely be given or received in a transfusion?
Introduction: First, you must figure out the color of each blood type by giving and receiving
transfusions. There are four blood types, and four colors. Each colored test tube represents a
different blood type. How will you figure it out? Here is a hint to help you along. In this lab,
unsafe blood transfusions will result in a color change (to another color), while safe blood
transfusions will result in no color change (a lighter shade of the same color is safe).
How will you test to see if the blood transfusions are safe or unsafe? You will mix blood types
together to see if there is a color change. Here is your second hint; Type A blood is yellow.
Record this in Chart 1 below. With these two hints figure out which of the other colors (clear,
blue, and green) represent Types B, AB, and O.
Materials:
1 Spot Plate
4 Eyedroppers – one for each color
4 Test tubes – 1 yellow (Y), 1 clear (C), 1 blue (B) and 1 green (G)
1 Test tube rack
1 Sheet white paper towel
Toothpicks
Procedure:
1. Place your spot plate in front of you so there are 4 columns across (horizontally) and 3
rows down (vertically). In each row, place 4 drops of each color so that each row has one
spot of each color. The drops on the slide represent the recipients of the transfusion. Each
row must begin as the example below.
Spot plate set up:
Row 1
Y
B
G
C
Row 2
Y
B
G
C
Row 3
Y
B
G
C
2. In Row #1, place a drop of clear blood onto each of the four drops. Mix slightly with
toothpick. Use colored pencils to illustrate the resulting colors on the Data and Results
Sheet.
a. Which drops changed color? _______________________________________
b. Which drops did not change color? _______________________. This drop
must be safe to mix with all blood types. Which blood type is safe to donate to all
other blood types?
Therefore, the clear drop must be Type _____________ blood. Record your discovery in
Chart 1 on the Data and Results Sheet.
3. In Row #1 again, donate 2-3 drops of Type A (YELLOW) blood onto each of the 4
blood types. Mix slightly with toothpick. Observe how the color does or does not change
for each drop. Use colored pencils to illustrate resulting colors on the Data and Results
Sheet.
a. Which drops changed colors? ________________ and __________________?
b. Which drops did not change color?________________ and _____________.
These drop must be safe to mix with type A blood. Which blood type is safe to
mix with Type A blood?
Therefore, the green drop must be Type _____________ blood. Record your
discovery in Chart 1 below.
4. Now you know that yellow is Type A blood, green is Type __________ blood, and clear
is Type _________ blood. The only remaining blood type is Type ____________.
Therefore, the blue drop must be Type ___________. As scientists, we must test the blue
drop to prove it.
5. In Row # 2. Place 2-3 drops of BLUE blood onto each of the 4 blood types. Mix slightly
with toothpick. Use colored pencils to illustrate the resulting colors on the Data and
Results Sheet.
a. Which blood types changed color? _____________________
b. Which blood types did not change color? ____________________
Do the results match our guess that blue is Type _______? Record your discovery in Chart
1 below. Use paragraph form to explain how you know that blue blood is Type ________,
by describing what you observed on Row #2.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6. Lastly, in Row # 3, place 2-3 drops of GREEN blood onto each of the 4 blood types.
Mix slightly with toothpick. Use colored pencils to illustrate the resulting colors on the
Data and Results Sheet.
*Mixtures that do not change color indicate a safe transfusion (they may
appear as a lighter or darker version of the same color).
*Mixtures that do change color indicate an unsafe transfusion.
Data and Results Sheet
Chart 1: Blood Type
Color
Blood Type
Yellow
Blue
Clear
Green
Use colored pencils to illustrate the resulting colors.
Row #1 (With Clear Added)
Row #1 (With Yellow Added)
Row #2 (With Blue Added)
Row #3 (With Green Added)
Conclusion Charts: Complete the chart using S for Safe and U for Unsafe.
Chart #2 (YELLOW)
Chart #3 (CLEAR)
Type ______ can give to:
Type _____ can give to:
Type A
Type A
Type B
Type B
Type AB
Type AB
Type O
Type O
Chart #4 (BLUE)
Chart #5 (GREEN)
Type _____ can give to:
Type ______ can give to:
Type A
Type A
Type B
Type B
Type AB
Type AB
Type O
Type O
Blood Type
Type A
Type B
Type AB
Type O
Can give to:
Can receive from:
Conclusion Questions
Answer all questions in your own words and in paragraph form.
Be sure to answer questions fully!
Some questions may need to be researched.
A. Type O used to be considered the “Universal Donor”. What does this mean? What exactly about
Type O makes it possible for it to be called the universal donor? Be specific. Type AB
used to be considered the “Universal Recipient”. What does this mean? What exactly
about Type AB makes it possible to be called the universal recipient? Be specific.
B. What is a blood transfusion? Why are transfusions important? Other than the whole
blood, what can be given in transfusions?
C. What determines what blood type you will be born with? All four blood types can be Rh
positive (+) or Rh negative (-). What is the Rh factor? (research if you don’t have in your
notes.)
D. If you were not given a hint as to which color water was Type A, why might it be
difficult to figure out what blood type yellow was representing and what blood type blue
was representing?
E. As an ER doctor you meet Bill. Bill has blood type B blood. He undergoes a very rare
blood transfusion as he gets older, and for some reason, his body stops making A
antibodies. In a stroke of bad luck, Bill requires an emergency blood transfusion. As
Bill’s doctor, do you think Bill could safely receive type AB blood? Justify your answer.
Lab order:
1. Cover page (with title, name, and image)
2. Data & Result sheet
3. Conclusions charts
4. Conclusions
Become a blood
specialist…try this
website out at home!
Take a selfie with you
and the screen showing
your score and print it. If
you have 5 blood drops
you can receive extra
credit points on your
Chapter 23 assessment!
5. Rubric
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/g
amev2/index.html