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AP Physics Chp 30 • Rutherford Gold Foil Exp • Nucleus • Emission Spectra for atoms 1 1 R 2 2 nf n i 1 • • • • R = 1.097x107 1/m Ryberg const. Lyman series drops to the n=1 Balmeer series drops to the n=2 Paschen series drops to the n=3 • Bohr Atom • hf = Ei – Ef released Energy needed to excite it = En (2.18 x10 Z is the number of protons 18 2 Z J) 2 n • Quantum Mechanical Model • • • • n= 1,2,3…. l= 0,1,2……n-1 ml= -l to +l for every l value ms= ½ or - ½ • • • • n is the principal q. number l is the shape ml is the orientation Ms is the spin • n2 is the maximum number of orbitals • 2n2 is the maximum number of electrons • Why don’t we use these for our electron configurations • i.e. 2,1,0,1/2 • Pauli exclusion principle • No two can have the same 4 q. numbers • Hund’s Rule – Half fill first • Aubau Principle – lowest energy first • H: 1s1 • N: 1s22s22px12py12pz1 vs 1s22s22p3 • Mn: ?