Download Ecological risks and Opportunities of Eucalyptus

Ecological risks and Opportunities of Eucalyptus planting
Case study in the framework of the PGM-E
7th International Scientific Conference on Energy and Climate Change 2014
08.-10.10.2014
Laura Prill
Content
1)
Introduction
2)
Specification of the study
3)
Study Results
4)
Conclusions
5)
Recommendations
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Introduction
Global situation
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Fast-growing species Eucalyptus currently covering ~20 million ha worldwide (git-forestry
2009) → expected increase
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Wood fuels account for 50-90% of all energy consumed in developing countries
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Eucalyptus plantations in rural areas to secure regional fuel wood supply and
•
to reduce the pressure on natural forest and its biodiversity
•
→ Forest plantations on prior degraded land to meet the world‘s increasing demand
for renewable energy resources
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Introduction
Global situation
•
Environmental debate of the cultivation of
Eucalyptus (pros & cons)
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Increasing demand for the enhancement of the
provision of ecological services
•
Decreasing ecological risks to assure the
sustainability of reforestation projects such as
for promoting renewable energy resources
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Introduction
Situation of Madagascar
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One of the poorest countries
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85% of the population depended on wood
energy (fuel wood or charcoal)
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unique (endemic) plant and animal diversity
•
Remaining primary forest area less than 8%
(Grade 2014)
•
Current deforestation rate of 0,48% resulting in
degraded land (savannah like ecosystems)
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Introduction
Afforestation in the Diana Region
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~ 7.000ha of former degraded land
afforested to supply the Antsiranana
region with sustainable wood energy
(charcoal)
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Afforestation within the community
based “Charbon-Vert” Project (former
GREEN-Mad)
Population Diana:
Antsiranana I district = 107.00
Antsiranan II district = 105.000
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© GREEN-Mad 2007
Introduction
Community-based afforestation project
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Development of a sustainable charcoal value chain in Madagascar
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„Le reboisment villageois individuel“ - individual village reforestry
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Approach to promote sustainable woodfuel production by communities
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Project engages communities in forest management on community/publicly-owned lands
© GREEN-Mad 2007
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Introduction
Plantation management
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Mainly Eucalyptus camaldulensis (EC)
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3x3m spacing
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First harvest with 7years
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Responsibility of plantation management
(thinning, time of harvest etc.) at local
plantation owner
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Specification of the Study
Objective of the study
• Determination of the impact of Eucalyptus
camaldulensis plantations on biodiversity
and soil properties in the Diana Region of
Madagascar
• Formulating ecological risks and
opportunities of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis
planting
• Special focus on temporal and spatial scales
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Specification of the Study
Study Site
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South of city of Antsiranana: Ankitsaka (ANK),
Mandrosomiadana (MAN), Saharenana Bas (SHB)
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Varying environmental conditions in study areas
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Natural land cover mainly savannah
© GREEN-Mad 2007
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Specification of the Study
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Specification of the Study
Data collection
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parameters: DBH, height, undergrowth determination & counting
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Soil sampling
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Reference sites
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Interviews
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Specification of the Study
Biodiversity assessment
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Biodiversity assessment: species richness and
diversity index
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Comparison of plantation and savannah
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Correlation of BioDiv results and stand
characteristics
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Spatial variations
L. Prill
Study Results
Species richness
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Total woody species = 46
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Total ground vegetation species = 47
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Av. species no/transect unit = 4 – 6
→ general low species richness
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Study Results
Woody species richness
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Trend of lower species richness
beneath EC (marginally!)
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SHB generally with higher values
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Contrary results found i.e. in Congo
(Loumeto & Huttel 1997)
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Study Results
Shannon Diversity
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Shannon Index sensible to
dominance of a few species
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Trend of lower woody diversity
beneath E.C. stands
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Conclusions
General aspects
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EC plantation to reduce pressure on natural forests
and
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to secure future energy supply of Antsiranana region
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Indirect preservation of forests unique biodiversity
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Mitigation of climate change and land degradation
(erosion)
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Conclusions
Case study
• Species richness generally very low in investigated area
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Plantations do affect savannah ecosystems
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Results are area specific
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tendency of species- and Shannon Diversity decrease in plantations, however
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EC-stands provided habitat for the most frequent indigenous species and
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catalyzed the regeneration of new species
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But, plantations did not show the possibility to increase Biodiversity in
investigated sites
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Local villager stated reduces erosion
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Conclusions
Recommendation
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Objective of enhancing the provision of ecological and environmental services of (Eucalyptus)
plantations need to be included in the planning and management of afforestation projects to
produce renewable energy
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Here: increase the biodiversity and reduce the risk of species loss
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Multi-species plantations should be favored at best including native species
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Availability of seed sources needed – proximity of plantations to natural forests to increase the
opportunity of habitat provision (?)
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Region specific research → adjust management to local conditions
L. Prill
Thank you for your attention!
Special thanks to Klaus Ackermann , Michael Köhl and Daniel Plugge, to the GIZ in Antananarivo - especially to Paula Tsialonina, Axel Brückmann and Alan
Walsch - and to ECO Consult in Antsiranana – especially to Frank Richter, Christian Andriamanantseheno, Richard Knodt, Lovasoa Randriamanantena and
Jaquelin Albert
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