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BIOMOLECULES
MOLECULES OF LIFE
EACH BIOMOLECULE IS A MACROMOLECULE
=LARGE MOLECULE
MADE OF SUBUNITS (BUILDING BLOCKS)
O R G A N I C C H E M I ST RY: C A R B O N C H E M I ST RY
CARBOHYDRATES
Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (C,H,O)
Sugars (end in “-ose”) and Starches
Subunits aka monomers
are monosaccharides (simple
sugar)
Monosaccharide examples: Glucose and
Fructose
Starches are polysaccharides (polymer)
CARBOHYDRATES
Provide quick ENERGY
4 Cal/g
Cell Receptors
Monosaccharide 
(draw this)
Glucose
C6H12O6
SIMPLE SUGARS: CARBOHYDRATES
Simple Sugars:
Disaccharides
“Two” “Sugars”
POLYSACCHARIDES
Complex sugars : 1,000’s of glucoses
linked
Cellulose : Plants
Glycogen: Animals
Starches: plant storage (like potato)
LIPIDS : FATS, OILS
Made of C,H,O
Saturated and Unsaturated
Subunits: Glycerol + fatty acids
Secondary (Storage) Source of Energy
Provide insulation & protection & hormones
Major Component of cell membranes
LIPIDS:FATS
Unsaturated
C-C double bonds
Liquid @room
temp.
Saturated
C-C single bonds
Solid @ room
temp.
STEROIDS ARE LIPIDS
Some Hormones: Testosterone, Estrogen, Cortisone
LIPIDS AKA FATS
PROTEINS
Made of C, H, O, N
Monomers/subunits :amino acids
Linked by PEPTIDE BOND
Structural Components: Hair, Nails, Muscles
Functions : enzymes, structures in cell walls,
assist with metabolism and antibodies
Enzymes: Help with chemical reaction in the cells
and body (organic catalyst) end in “ase”
Hemoglobin: protein in RBC carries O2
PROTEINS
*Made from
Amino acids
*20 different
Types (R
Group)
*Recognize
by the N
PROTEINS
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Made of C, H, O, N, P
Subunits/Monomers: nucleotides
Two Types: DNA & RNA
Carry Genetic Code
DNA : Double helix
RNA: single stranded
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleotides: sugar, phosphate & nitrogen base