Download Unit 2 (Biochemistry) Review

Unit 2 (Biochemistry) Review
1) I can identify subatomic particles and describe how they are arranged in atoms. (A.5.a)
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Electron cloud
Nucleus
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
You should know the arrangement of the subatomic particles in atoms.
You should also be able to determine the atomic number and atomic mass for a given element.
2) I can describe the difference between ions and atoms and the importance of ions in biological processes.
(A.5.b)
Ion
Cation
Anion
You should be able to tell the difference between ions and atoms, and be able to determine what type of
ion is present.
3) I can compare the types of bonding between atoms to form molecules. (A.5.c)
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Metallic Bond
Charge
Valence Electron
Oxidation Number
You should be able to determine the number of valence electrons, charge, and oxidation number for a
given element.
You should be able to explain the difference between the different types of atomic bonds.
4) I can show how chemical reactions (e.g., photosynthesis, fermentation, cellular respiration) can be
represented by chemical formulas. (A.5.d)
Products
Reactants
Chemical Formula
Chemical Reaction
You should be able to determine the products and reactants within a chemical reaction, and
write/recognize general chemical formulas.
5) I can explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds. (A.5.e)
Organic Compound Inorganic Compound
You should be able to explain why organic compounds are different from inorganic compounds, and
why this would make such a difference.
6) I can explain the fundamental principles of the pH scale and the consequences of having the different
concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. (A.5.f)
pH Scale
H+
OHAcid
Base
H3O+
Neutral
Buffer
Homeostasis
You should be able to explain how the pH scale is used to determine the pH, with respect to the
concentrations of H+ and OH-.
You should be able to determine the strength of pH when moving up and down the pH scale.
(Remember, one unit change = 10X)
7) I can describe the general structure and function(s), including common functional groups, of
monosaccharides disaccharides, polysaccharides, carbohydrates, fatty acids, glycerol, glycerides, lipids,
amino acids, dipeptides, polypeptides, proteins, and nucleic acids. (A.5.g)
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrate
Monomer
Polymer
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Peptide Bond
Triglyceride
Nucleotide
DNA
RNA
Amino Acid
Hydroxyl group
Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation Reaction)
Hydrolysis
You should be able to explain the difference between and monomer and a polymer, and how polymers
are made from monomers.
You should be able to give examples and functions of the four types of macromolecules.
8) I can describe the function of enzymes, including how enzyme-substrate specificity works, in
biochemical reactions. (A.5.h)
Enzyme
Catalyst
Activation Energy
Enzyme-substrate Complex
Active Site
Substrate
Induced Fit
You should know the functions of enzymes and how they work.
You should know what things affect enzymes.
9) I can collect, organize, and analyze data accurately and precisely (e.g., using scientific techniques and
mathematics in experiments) (A.1.c)
10) I can safely use laboratory equipment and techniques when conducting scientific investigations. (A.1.f)
11) I can define and explain the unique properties of water that are essential to living organisms. (A.5.i)
Polar
Non-polar
Hydrogen bonds
Polarity
Solute
Solvent
You should be able to recognize the formula for water, a molecule of water, and be able to explain how
the arrangement of a water molecule makes it polar.
This is only a brief review of the topics that we have covered within this unit. You should also use your
notes, homework sheets, labs, and notebooks as a means of review. I have tried to post all of the material
covered in class on the classroom webpage.
*You will be allowed to construct and use one 3” X 5” index card as a cheat sheet for the unit exam. This
index card can be filled out front and back with any information you deem helpful for the exam. Cheat
sheets are to be turned in along with your exam. You will get 5 bonus points added on to your exam
score for completely filling out your cheat sheet (index card), using it on the exam, and turning it in. Yes,
this is a means your teacher is using not only to help you, but to get you to at least look at the information
we have covered. Please start studying now, so you won’t be up all night before the exam!