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Equilibrium in the biological systems on surface two phase
1. А system usually consists of а definite amount of one or more substances and is separated from
the surroundings by а real or imaginary boundary through which matter and energy can flow
from the system to the surroundings or vice versa:
A. Exogenous and endogenous.
B. One, two, three compounds.
C. Homogenous and heterogeneous.
D. Isolated, opened, closed.
E. Reversible and irreversible.
ANSWER: D
2. It is used stable temperature and pressure for the most processes in chemical technology. What
is process name?
A. Isochoric - Isothermel.
B. Isobar - Isothermic.
C. Isobar - Isochoric.
D. Isochoric - Adiabatic.
E. Isothermal - Adiabatic.
ANSWER: B
3. Standard state of a system is state when:
A. 101,3 kPa, 0 0K.
B. 101,3 kPa, 273 0K.
C. 101,3 kPa, 298 0K.
D. 50 kPa, 273 0K.
E. 50 kPa, 298 0K.
ANSWER: C
4. State in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further
tendency to change with time. is called:
A. Isochoric.
B. Adiabatic
C. Isothermal.
D. Isobar.
E. Equilibrium.
ANSWER: E
5. The standard enthalpy of combustion (ΔН°combustion) equal zero for such compound:
A. O2, Н2.
B. СО2, Н2О.
C. NO, NH3.
D. P2O3, PH3.
E. NO2, N2H4.
ANSWER: A
7. The first law equation is:
A. dH = dQ + dE
B. Q=A+W
C. Q = dHW
D. Q = U + W
E. S = dG + W
ANSWER: D
8. The concept “Total general of energy is stable in all isolated system” is:
A. First law of thermodynamics.
B. Second law of thermodynamics.
C. Third law of thermodynamics.
D. Hess’s law.
E. Kirchhoff’s law.
ANSWER: A
9. Thermodynamics systems are classified by amount of phases into:
A. Exogenous and endogenous.
B. Solid, liquid, gas.
C. Homogeneous and heterogeneous.
D. Isolated, opened, closed
E. Reversible and irreversible.
ANSWER: C
10. What process is name when stable temperature?
A. Isolated.
B. Isobaric.
C. Isochoric.
D. Adiabatic.
E. Isothermic.
ANSWER: E
11. Normal state is state when:
A. 101,3 kPa, 0 0K.
B. 101,3 kPa, 273 0K.
C. 101,3 kPa, 298 0K.
D. 50 kPa, 273 0K.
E. 50 kPa, 298 0K.
ANSWER: B
12. Measure of randomness or disorder of the system is:
A. Heat.
B. Work.
C. Enthalpy.
D. Entropy.
E. Internal energy.
ANSWER: D
13. If а system can exchange only energy with the surroundings but not matter, it is called:
A. Exogenous.
B. Closed
C. Homogenous.
D. Isolated.
E. Opened.
ANSWER: B
14. If system can exchange both matter and energy with the surroundings, it is called:
A. Exogenous.
B. Closed
C. Homogenous.
D. Isolated.
E. Opened.
ANSWER: E
15. If а system can neither exchange matter nor energy with the surroundings, it is called
A. Exogenous.
B. Closed
C. Homogenous.
D. Isolated.
E. Opened
ANSWER: D
16. Closed thermodynamics systems are systems, which can exchange with the surroundings:
A. Matter.
B. Energy.
C. Both matter and energy.
D. Temperature.
E. Neither exchange matter nor energy.
ANSWER: B
17. Opened thermodynamics systems are systems, which can exchange with the surroundings:
A. Matter.
B. Energy.
C. Both matter and energy
D. Temperature.
E. Neither exchange matter nor energy.
ANSWER: C
18. The spontaneous processes are in such circumstances:
A. G0, S<0.
B. G0, S  0.
C. G=0, S=0.
D. D. G<0, S>0.
E. G>0, S<0.
ANSWER: D
19. The non-spontaneous processes are in such circumstances:
A. G0, S<0.
B. G0, S  0.
C. G=0, S=0.
D. G<0, S>0.
E. G>0, S<0.
ANSWER: E
20. The equilibrium state is in such circumstances:
A. G0, S<0.
B. G0, S  0.
C. G=0, S=0.
D. G<0, S>0.
E. G>0, S<0.
ANSWER: C
21. If all reagent and products of reaction are in same phase, this reaction is called:
A. Homogeneous
B. Single-phased
C. Multi-phased
D. Heterogeneous
E. Different-phased
ANSWER: A
22. Rate constant is:
A. k = υ if concentration of reagents equal one unit.
B. Degree of precipitation.
C. Mass constant.
D. k = υ if concentration of reagents equal 0.1.
E. k = υ if concentration of reagents equal 10.
ANSWER: A
23. Heterogeneous system is:
A. System which consists of one phase.
B. System which consists of two or more phases.
C. Contain liquid.
D. System which consists of a single phase.
E. System in which is distilled water .
ANSWER: B
24. All factors influence for rate of reaction except:
A. Concentration of the reactants.
B. Temperature.
C. Presence of Catalyst.
D. Surface area of the reactants.
E. Color of indicator.
ANSWER: E
25. Rate of chemical reaction is:
A. The change in the concentration of any one of the reactants or products per unit of time.
B. The change of the coloring of indicator.
C. The change of volume.
D. The change of pH value.
E. The change of temperature.
ANSWER: A
26. Branch of chemistry which deals with the study of the speeds or the rates f chemical reactions,
the factors affecting the rates of the reactions and the mechanism by which the reactions proceed
is:
A. Thermodynamics.
B. Chemical kinetics.
C. Analytical chemistry.
D. Electrochemistry.
E. Inorganic chemistry.
ANSWER: B
27. If all reagent and products of reaction are in different phases, this reaction is called:
A. Homogeneous
B. Single-phased
C. Different-phased
D. Heterogeneous
E. Similar.
ANSWER: D
28. For rate constant influence all factors except:
A. Concentration of the reactants.
B. Temperature.
C. Pressure.
D. Surface area of the reactants.
E. Nature of reagents.
ANSWER: A
29. What factors are influence for rate constant?
A. Concentration of the reactants.
B. Indicator.
C. Dispersed phase.
D. Surfactant.
E. Nature of reagents.
30. What factors influence for rate of reaction?
A. Concentration of the reactants.
B. Indicator.
C. Dispersed phase.
D. Surfactant
E. Surface tension.
ANSWER: A
31. Rate law equation for reaction: 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) →2 SO3 (g) is:
A. υ = k [SO3]2 [O2].
B. υ = k 2[SO2] [O2].
C. υ = k [SO2]2 [O2].
D. υ = k [O2].
E. υ = k [SO3].
ANSWER: C
32. Rate law equation for reaction: 2 NO (g) + O2 (g) ↔2 NO2 is:
A. υ= k [NO2]2.
B. υ= k [NO]2 [O2].
C. υ= k [NO] [O2].
D. υ = k [O2].
E. υ = k 2[NO2].
ANSWER: B
33. The processes in which both catalyst and reagents are in same phase is called:
A. Heterogeneous catalysis.
B. Homogeneous catalysis.
C. Positive catalysis.
D. Negative catalysis.
E. Autocatalysis.
ANSWER: B
34. Matters, which increase activity of catalyst named:
A. Promoter (activator)
B. Inhibitors
C. Hormones
D. Indicators
E. Enzyme
ANSWER: A
35. Reactions which are flowing past in two parties: the forward reaction - conducts to formation
reaction product and reverse reaction - decomposing reaction product on mother substances:
A. Series reaction.
B. Parallel reaction.
C. Conjugating reaction.
D. Chain reaction.
E. Reversible reaction.
ANSWER: E
36. Reaction, in which products of firs step reaction is reagents for second step reaction is:
A. Reversible reaction.
B. Series reaction.
C. Parallel reaction.
D. Conjugating reaction.
E. Chain reaction.
ANSWER: B
37. The process in which reagents react with surface of catalyst is named:
A. Heterogeneous catalysis.
B. Homogeneous catalysis.
C. Positive catalysis.
D. Negative catalysis.
E. Autocatalysis.
ANSWER: A
38. The catalysis in which rate of reaction increase is named:
A. Heterogeneous catalysis.
B. Homogeneous catalysis.
C. Positive catalysis.
D. Negative catalysis.
E. Autocatalysis.
ANSWER: C
39. The catalysis in which rate of reaction decrease is named:
A. Heterogeneous catalysis.
B. Homogeneous catalysis.
C. Positive catalysis.
D. Negative catalysis.
E. Autocatalysis.
ANSWER: D
40. The matters which inactive of catalyst named:
A. Promoters
B. Inhibitor
C. Hormone
D. Indicator
E. Enzyme.
ANSWER: B
41. The nature of enzyme is:
A. Carbohydrate.
B. Lipid
C. Protein.
D. Mineral acid
E. Vitamin.
ANSWER: C
42. Proteins specialized to catalyze biological reactions are:
A. Polymers.
B. Enzymes.
C. Hormones.
D. Indicators.
E. Vitamin.
ANSWER: B
43. A substance which can change the speed of а chemical reaction without being used up in that
reaction and the phenomenon is known as:
A. Polymers.
B. Hormones.
C. Catalysts.
D. Indicators
E. Vitamin.
ANSWER: C
44. Catalyst influence for:
A. Ganged of chemical equilibrium.
B. Increase temperature.
C. Increase pressure.
D. Rate of reaction.
E. Increase volume.
ANSWER: D
45. The reaction of hydrolysis starch is:
A. C12H22O11 + H2O → 2C6H12O6.
B. nCO2 + mH2O → Cn(H2O)m + nO2.
C. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O → nC6H12O6.
D. CH3COOC2H5 + H2O → CH3COOH + C2H5OH.
E. С6Н12О6 + 6О2→ 6СО2+6Н2О
ANSWER: C
46. Biological catalysts are:
A. Polymers.
B. Vitamin.
C. Hormones.
D. Indicators.
E. Enzymes.
ANSWER: E
47. Hydrogen electrode is:
A. Metal-metal ion electrode.
B. Gas-ion electrodes.
C. Metal-insoluble salt-anion electrode.
D. Inert "oxidation-reduction" electrode.
E. Membrane electrode.
ANSWER: B
48. Potentiometry is:
A. Physic-chemical method of research concentration of ions, electrode potential, which used
the EMF measuring.
B. Aggregation of the particles arising from the stabilizing effect of this secondary minimum.
C. Increase of the boiling temperature of solutions.
D. Decline of the freezing temperature of solutions.
E. System, in which a dispersion phase and dispersion medium are liquids, which are non
dissolved eth other.
ANSWER: A
49. Standard EMF of the cell equaled:
A. pH.
B. Oxidation number.
C. Standard oxidation potential of the oxidation half reaction + Standard reduction potential of
the reduction half reaction.
D. Solubility product.
E. Heat effect.
ANSWER: C
50. Processes, which are between interfaces of two systems is:
A. Coagulation.
B. Surface phenomena.
C. Surface tension.
D. Absorption.
E. Boiling.
ANSWER: B
51. The equation, which is used for calculate surface tension is:
A. σ = G/S.
B. σ = GS.
C. σ = S/G.
D. σ = νRT.
E. σ = C/RT.
ANSWER: A
52. The surfactants are compound, except:
A. Alcohols.
B. Alkalis.
C. Salts of fat acids.
D. Protein.
E. Hydrochloric acid.
ANSWER: E
53. The force in dynes acting upon a line cm long on the surface of the liquid is:
A. Surface tension.
B. Entropy.
C. Enthalpy.
D. Heat.
E. Pressure.
ANSWER: A
54. What concept is correct?
A. Surfactant increase surface tension at twice.
B. Surfactant does not influece on surface tension value.
C. Surfactant increase surface tension at 4 times.
D. Surfactant decrease surface tension.
E. Surfactant increase surface tension in 3 times.
ANSWER: D
55. The surfactant is:
A. Hydrochloric acid.
B. Calcium hydroxide.
C. Sodium chloride.
D. Isoamil alcohol.
E. Potassium.
ANSWER: D
56. Surface tension is measured by such unit:
A. J/m2
B. N/m2
C. J/m
D. J/sm
E. N/dm2
ANSWER: A
57. The concentrated one component in the surface other is named:
A. Absorption.
B. Adsorption.
C. Disorbsion.
D. Solubility.
E. Capillary condensation.
ANSWER: B
58. Adsorption is:
A. The phenomenon of concentrated the molecules of а substance on the surface of а liquid or а
solid resulting.
B. Chemical reaction between adsorbed and adsorbate.
C. When molecules have hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups simultaneously.
D. The separation of mixtures.
E. The chromatography analysis.
ANSWER: A
59. Ionic adsorption this:
A. The separation of mixtures.
B. When molecules have hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups simultaneously.
C. Chemical reaction between solution ions and ions of adsorbent surface.
D. The chromatography analysis.
E. Chemical reaction between adsorbed and adsorbate.
ANSWER: C
60. The phenomenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of а substance on the surface of а
liquid or а solid resulting into a higher concentration of the molecules on the surface is:
A. Adsorption
B. Adsorbate
C. Adsorbent
D. Desorption
E. Absorption
ANSWER: A
61. The substance thus adsorbed on the surface is called:
A. Adsorption
B. Adsorbate
C. Adsorbent
D. Desorption
E. Absorption
ANSWER: B
62. The substance on which compound is adsorbed is called:
A. Adsorption
B. Adsorbate
C. Adsorbent
D. Desorption
E. Absorption
ANSWER: C
63. The reverse processes removal of the adsorbed substance from the surface is called:
A. Adsorption
B. Adsorbate
C. Adsorbent
D. Desorption
E. Absorption
ANSWER: D
64. Adsorbate this:
A. The substance thus adsorbed on the surface.
B. The substance on which compound is adsorbed.
C. Product of reactions.
D. Reagents of reaction.
E. Matter which is absorbed
ANSWER: A
65. Adsorbent this:
A. The substance thus adsorbed on the surface.
B. The substance on which compound is adsorbed.
C. Product of reactions.
D. Reagents of reaction.
E. Matter which is absorbed
ANSWER: B
66. Chromatography is this:
A. Concentrated one matter in surface other.
B. Transferred matters from solid into the gas state.
C. Method gravimetry.
D. Method of separation mixtures into individual compounds.
E. Chelatometry analysis.
ANSWER: D
67. What ion has the greatest adsorptive activity?
A. Sr+2
B. Са+2
C. Fe+3
D. Ba+2
E. Na+
ANSWER: C
68. Which properties have dispersion systems:
A. A molecule is structural unit of the system.
B. Thermodynamics stable system.
C. Homogeneous system.
D. Thermodynamics instable system.
E. The system has not surface between phases.
ANSWER: D
69. What is particle size of colloid solution?
A. 10-8м.
B. 10-10м.
C. 1015м.
D. 10-3м.
E. 10-1м
ANSWER: A
70. Systems, in which particle size10-4 m are:
A. True solution.
B. Macroheterogeneous.
C. Microheterogeneous.
D. Ultramicroheterogeneous.
E. Homogeneous.
ANSWER: B
71. What kind of dispersion systems is fog (G-gas, L-Liquid, S-solid)?
A. G/S.
B. S/S.
C. L/L.
D. G/G.
E. L/G.
ANSWER: E
72. What kind of dispersion systems is smoke (G-gas, L-Liquid, S-solid)?
A. G/S.
B. S/S.
C. L/L.
D. S/G.
E. G/L
ANSWER: D
73. What method is used for separation dispersion particles by sizes?
A. Electrophoreses.
B. Brownian motion.
C. Diffusion.
D. Sedimentation.
E. Osmotic pressure
ANSWER: A
74. These methods involve the joining together of а large number of smaller particles to form
particles of colloidal size.
A. Peptization.
B. Polymerisation
C. Condensation.
D. Titration
E. Dispersion.
ANSWER: C
75. These methods involve the breaking of the bigger particles to colloidal size.
A. Peptization.
B. Oxidation.
C. Condensation.
D. Hydrolysis.
E. Dispersion.
ANSWER: E
76. What purification colloidal solution method is base in “Artificial kidney”?
A. Dialysis.
B. Electrodialysis.
C. Hemodialysis
D. Ultrafiltration
E. Ultracentrifugation
ANSWER: C
77. The process which involves the movement of colloidal particles towards one or the other
electrode when placed under the influence of an electric field:
A. Electrophoresis.
B. Electrodialysis.
C. Hemodialysis.
D. Ultrafiltration.
E. Ultracentrifugation.
ANSWER: A
78. A phenomenon in which the molecules of the dispersion medium are allowed to move under the
influence of an electric field whereas colloidal particles are not allowed to move:
A. Electrophoresis.
B. Electrodialysis.
C. Hemodialysis.
D. Electroosmosis.
E. Ultracentrifugation.
ANSWER: D
79. In а gravitational field, heavy particles settle towards the foot of а column of solution by the
process called:
A. Ultracentrifugation.
B. Sedimentation.
C. Coagulation.
D. Flocculation.
E. Dialysis.
ANSWER: B
80. Blood is dispersed system, once of dispersed phase particles are erythrocytes with size 10-4 m.
What type of dispersed system is it?
A. True solution.
B. Macroheterogeneous.
C. Microheterogeneous.
D. Ultramicroheterogeneous.
E. Colloidal solution.
ANSWER: C
81. Blood serum is dispersed system. What type dispersed system is it?
A. True solution.
B. Solid.
C. Macroheterogeneous.
D. Microheterogeneous.
E. Colloidal solution.
ANSWER: E
82. System with size dispersed phase particle equal 10-9 - 10-7 is:
A. True solution.
B. Microheterogeneous.
C. Macroheterogeneous.
D. Homogeneous.
E. Colloidal solution.
ANSWER: E
83. What polymer is natural?
A. Polyethylene.
B. Kapron.
C. Polypropilen.
D. Starch.
E. Polyformaldehyde.
ANSWER: D
84. High molecular connections (HMC) are compounds with molecular mass of order...
A. 10 - 102 atomic units.
B. 104 - 10б atomic units.
C. 10-1 - 10-2 atomic units.
D. 10 - 103 atomic units.
E. 10-4 - 10-б atomic units.
ANSWER: B
85. Zn/Zn2+ electrode is:
A. The metal - metal ion electrode.
B. The gas-ion electrode is electrode.
C. Metal-insoluble salt-anion electrode.
D. Inert "oxidation-reduction" electrode.
E. Membrane electrode.
ANSWER: A
86. If in the half cell, the metal rod is suspended in а solution of one molar concentration, and the
temperature is kept at 298 К, the electrode potential is called:
A. Membrane potential.
B. Diffuse potential.
C. Electro-kinetic potential.
D. Concentration potential.
E. Standard electrode potential.
ANSWER: E
87. Reversible is all reaction except:
A. N2O4(g) ↔ 2NO2(g).
B. 2KClO3 (s)→2KCl(s) + 3O2(g).
C. N2 (g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g).
D. N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g).
E. C2H4 (g) + H2(g) ↔ C2H6(g).
ANSWER: B
88. Irreversible reaction is:
A. CaCO3 (s)→CaO(s) + CO2(g).
B. N2O4(g) ↔ 2NO2(g).
C. N2 (g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g).
D. N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g).
E. C3H6 (g) + H2(g) ↔ C3H8(g).
ANSWER: A
89. The kinetic energy that reactant molecules must have allows them to reach the transition state so
that a reaction can occur.
A. Heat effect reaction.
B. Potential energy.
C. Activation energy.
D. Enthalpy.
E. Free Gibbs’ energy.
ANSWER: C
90. The study of rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and of the factors on which they
depend is:
A. Thermodynamics.
B. Electrochemistry.
C. Colloidal chemistry.
D. Chemical kinetics.
E. Gravimetric analysis.
ANSWER: D
91. "k" in rate law equation υ =k[A][B] is:
A. Rate constant.
B. Mass-action expression.
C. Chemical equilibrium constant.
D. Rate.
E. Temperature reaction.
ANSWER: A
92. υ in rate law equation υ =k[A][B] is:
A. Rate constant.
B. Mass-action expression.
C. Chemical equilibrium constant.
D. Rate.
E. Temperature reaction.
ANSWER: D
93. The part of the universe chosen for thermodynamic consideration (to study the effect of
temperature, pressure etc.) is called:
A. System.
B. Surroundings.
C. Entropy.
D. Reaction.
E. Energy.
ANSWER: A
94. The remaining portion of the universe, excluding the system, is called:
A. System.
B. Surroundings.
C. Entropy.
D. Reaction.
E. Energy.
ANSWER: B
95. Isothermal process is:
A. А process is carried out in such а manner that the temperature remains constant throughout
the process.
B. A process is carried out in such а manner that no heat can flow from the system to the
surroundings or vice versa i.e. the system is completely insulated from the surroundings.
C. А process during which the volume of the system is kept constant.
D. А process during which the pressure of the system is kept constant.
E. А process which is carried out infinitesimally slowly so that all changes occurring in the
direct process can be exactly reversed.
ANSWER: A
96. Adiabatic process is:
A. А process is carried out in such а manner that the temperature remains constant throughout
the process.
B. A process is carried out in such а manner that no heat can flow from the system to the
surroundings or vice versa i.e. the system is completely insulated from the surroundings.
C. А process during which the volume of the system is kept constant.
D. А process during which the pressure of the system is kept constant.
E. А process which is carried out infinitesimally slowly so that all changes occurring in the
direct process can be exactly reversed.
ANSWER: B
97. Isochoric process is:
A. А process is carried out in such а manner that the temperature remains constant throughout
the process.
B. A process is carried out in such а manner that no heat can flow from the system to the
surroundings or vice versa i.e. the system is completely insulated from the surroundings.
C. А process during which the volume of the system is kept constant.
D. А process during which the pressure of the system is kept constant.
E. А process which is carried out infinitesimally slowly so that all changes occurring in the
direct process can be exactly reversed.
ANSWER: C
98. Isobaric process is:
A. А process is carried out in such а manner that the temperature remains constant throughout
the process.
B. A process is carried out in such а manner that no heat can flow from the system to the
surroundings or vice versa i.e. the system is completely insulated from the surroundings.
C. А process during which the volume of the system is kept constant.
D. А process during which the pressure of the system is kept constant.
E. А process which is carried out infinitesimally slowly so that all changes occurring in the
direct process can be exactly reversed.
ANSWER: D
99. For measurement heat is used:
A. Thermometer.
B. pH-meter.
C. Voltmeter.
D. Potentiometer.
E. Calorimeter.
ANSWER: E
100. Factors affection the reaction rate all except:
A. Nature of the reactants.
B. Concentration of the reactants.
C. Internal energy of systems.
D. Presence of Catalyst.
E. Surface area of the reactants.
ANSWER: C