Download Notes Unit 3 Part 1

BIOLOGY NOTES
NAME:
CELL ENERGY PART 1
DAY / MOD:
PAGES 639-655
DATE:
Standard:
____ Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes
Essential Question:
1.
I. Plants
Plants = multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms that have cell __________ and carry out
_____________________
e.g.
 eukaryote = cells that have a _______________
II. Plant Organs
A. Roots
 roots function to absorb ____________ and ________________ into the plant as well as to anchor the
plant in the _____________
 in order to function properly, plants need to uptake specific minerals: _____, ______, ______,
_______, and ______
 this is why most fertilizers contain ______ and _______
 root hairs = tiny cellular projections from roots that _________________ the surface area of
absorption for water and nutrients from the soil
B. Stems
 stems function to transport food and water from _________ to leaves and support branches and leaves
C. Leaves
 leaves function to provide a broad, flat surface for ____________ absorption
D. Flowers
 IF a plant has flowers, it is the reproductive _________________
 some flowers are colored brightly to encourage ___________________ by insects
E. Fruits
 IF a plant has fruit, it is the mature ______________ of that plant
F. Cones
 IF a plant has cones, it is the female _________ of that plant
III. Plant Tissue Systems
A. Dermal Tissue = tissue that functions as the outer skin of a plant that _____________ and protects the
plant from the _____________________
 the outer surface of epidermal cells found in dermal tissue is covered in a waterproof waxy coat
called the _______________
B. Vascular Tissue = specialized tissue divided into subsystems that moves _____________ and nutrients
throughout the plant
 found in the innermost part of the _____________
SUBSYSTEMS:
1. Xylem = specialized waterproof vascular tissue that moves ____________ in a plant
 composed of long, thin ___________ which allow the water to move by ___________________
action and ________________
 What waterproof nutrient would compose the building material of xylem cells?
__________________
 Transpiration = the release of water vapor from ________________ through the ____________
2. Phloem = specialized vascular tissue that moves food, minerals, and ______________ in a plant
Range, A.
Unit 3 Page 2A
C. Ground Tissue = specialized tissue found between ____________ and ______________ tissues within
a plant
D. Meristimatic Tissue = specialized tissue near the bottom of a plant where new plant ____________ are
made
IV. Plant Cell Types
1. Parenchyma Cells = ground tissue cells that are mainly used for ___________ and
_____________________
 in leaves, these cells are where the ________________ are found
 in roots and stems, these cells store _______________ and other foods manufactured by
photosynthesis or absorbed through the roots
2. Collenchyma Cells = ground tissue cells that are _________________ and have semi-thick cell
____________ used to support the plant
e.g.
3. Sclerenchyma Cells = ground tissue cells that are characterized by rigid, thick cell walls that
____________ and support the plant
 Where would you find more sclerenchyma cells, stems or leaves? _____________
V. Plant Growth
A plant grows as more cells are added to the ______________ and _____________ of a plant
 when new cells are added to the plant by _____________, they are called ________________
 apical meristem = a group of meristems near the bottom of the ___________
 the apical meristem is considered an area of fragile new cells which the plant protects with a
tough covering of cells known as the __________ cap
VI. Leaf Structure & Photosynthesis
The overall function of a leaf is to perform photosynthesis and provide the plant with needed
nutrients. The structure of a plant enables it to perform this task:
 blade = the broad, flat section of the _______________ that collects sunlight
 petiole = the thin stalk that connects the ________ to the _________
 seed = IF a plant produces _______, the overall purpose is to protect the _______________
A. Components of the Leaf
1. Upper Epidermis – the upper outer layer of the leaf which can sometimes be coated with a waxy
_____________ used to protect the leaf
2. Mesophyll = specialized ground tissue within the leaf composed mainly of ________________
cells and the main site of ___________________
 palisade mesophyll = tightly packed mesophyll that mainly absorbs __________
 spongy mesophyll = loosely packed tissue with mainly _____ spaces that connect to the outer
part of the leaf
3. Vascular Tissue
4. Lower Epidermis – the under outer layer of the leaf composed of epidermal cells and stomata
 stomata = pore like openings on the underside of the leaf which allow ______ into the leaf
and _____________ out of the leaf
 guard cells = specialized cells that make up a stoma
 when guard cells are open during the day ___________________ can take place
 when guard cells are closed at night, ___________________ cannot take place
STUDENT SYNTHESIS
To demonstrate knowledge of the information contained within these notes, within the space below EITHER 1. Create two higher
level test questions and answers based on the information OR 2. Write a comprehensive paragraph of the information
Range, A.
Unit 3 Page 2A