Download Eisenhower-Clinton domestic (and some foreign) policy

Colonies to Revolution
- The Transference of Political, Social, and Economic institutions
- Spain’s settlement in the Southwest of North America
- Dutch settlement in Northeast North America
- French settlement in river valleys of central North America
- England’s settlement along the east coast of North America
- Roanoke
- Sir Walter Raleigh
- Jamestown
- Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery
- problems
- John Smith
- joint-stock co.
- John Rolfe
- tobacco
- “starving time”
- House of Burgesses
- Powhatans
- Plymouth
- Mayflower Compact
- John Winthrop
- “city on a hill”
- William Bradford
- Wampanoags
- Squanto
- 13 colonies
- How established?
- Why established?
- Who founded them?
- similarities/differences between NE, Middle, and Southern colonies: education,
political structure, economy, social structure, etc.
- different types of colonies: royal proprietary, etc.
- triangular trade
- Bacon’s Rebellion
- Professionals in the New World
- preparation of the clergy
- entrance into legal and medical professions
- preparation for teaching
- The transfer and transformation of Religion
- Protestants
- The Church
- center of community life
- position of the clergy
- persecution of dissenters
- Toleration Act of 1649 in MD
- RI – separation of church and state
- PA – Quaker toleration of other faiths
- Puritan New England
- view of God
- definition of Man
- Church’s role in the community
- dissenters within the faith
- Salem Witch Hunts
- Samuel Sewall
- work ethic
- emphasis on education
- Protestantism: Middle Colonies
- influence of the Quakers
- inner light
- abolition of slavery
- equality of sexes
- pacifism
- Anglican Church
- Anglican Church in the South
- Parson’s Cause
- Methodists and Baptists
- Daily life and recreation in the English Colonies
- Diet
- Clothing
- Recreation
- Courtship and marriage
- health and epidemics
- first inoculation: smallpox
- art
- music
- architecture
- theater
- the printed word
- scarcity of books
- libraries
- social classes in America vs. England
- social mobility
- What was it based on?
- Who was at top, middle, bottom?
- Great Awakening
- Jonathan Edwards
- George Whitefield
- Enlightenment
- Ben Franklin
- Peter Zenger
- Cotton Mather
- Bacon’s Rebellion
- St. Augustine
- patrons
- King Philip’s War
- French and Indian War
- causes
- Iroquois League
- colonial assemblies
- Albany Plan of Union
- Battle of Quebec
- William Pitt
- effects
- Pontiac’s Rebellion
- Proclamation of 1763
- Paxton Boys
- Regulator movement
- Road to Revolution
- mercantilism
- Navigation Acts
- “virtual representation”
- “salutary neglect”
- Colonial Assemblies vs. the Governors
- Quebec Act
- Declaratory Act
- Stamp Act
- Stamp Act Congress
- Sons of Liberty
- Samuel Adams
- Daughters of Liberty
- Townshend Duties
- writs of assistance
- Tea Act
- British East India Co.
- Boston Tea Party and effects
- Coercive Acts
- the Gaspee Affair
- Galloway Plan of Union
- Committees of Correspondence
- Thomas Paine and Common Sense
- decisions of 1st and 2nd Continental Congress
- Peyton Randolph
- Olive Branch Petition
- George Washington
- Revolution
- American vs. British advantages and disadvantages
- Battle of Bunker Hill – why did both consider it a victory?
- Battle of Saratoga – why was it a turning point?
- John Burgoyne
- Battle of Yorktown – how were British defeated?
- Marquis de Lafayette
- General George Washington
- Lord Cornwallis
- Hessians
- terms of Treaty of Paris
Federalist Era – Jacksonian era
- Articles of Confederation
- powers of government under Articles
- weaknesses of Articles
- Land Ordinance of 1785
- NW Ordinance of 1787
- achievements of the Articles?
- Shays Rebellion
- Constitutional Convention
- Founding Fathers
- backgrounds
- major beliefs as to how Constitution should be created
- feelings about political parties
- beliefs of Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
- What parts of the country supported Constitution/didn’t support
Constitution?
- Bill of Rights
- Why created?
- major provisions of the Constitution
- articles, amendments, etc.
- republican motherhood
- cult of domesticity
- Jane Addams
- Margaret Fuller
- Washington’s administration
- Whiskey Rebellion
- cabinet members
- Hamilton’s financial program
- Jefferson vs. Hamilton debate over tariff and French Revolution:
- What were their viewpoints on these issues? Why?
- Who did GW support?
- Neutrality Proclamation
- Washington’s Farewell Address
- Political parties
- Democ.-Repubs. vs. Federalists
- major beliefs
- who supported each party
- leadership
- Adams’ administration
- problems with France:
- XYZ Affair
- 1796 election
- interfering with US trade
- unhappy with Jay Treaty
- Alien and Sedition Acts
- KY and VA Resolutions
- Madison and Jefferson
- states’ rights theory
- election of 1800 – why has it been referred to as “another revolution”?
- Jefferson’s administration
- Albert Gallatin
- economic changes made
- Marbury v. Madison (1803)
- What was case about?
- significance?
- John Marshall
- Louisiana Purchase
- How/why did US acquire this territory?
- problems Jefferson had with acquiring it?
- Lewis and Clark
- Madison’s administration
- War of 1812
- causes
- Hartford Convention
- war hawks
- Battle of New Orleans
- Was war worth it?
- Henry Clay and the American System
- Monroe Doctrine
- Why created?
- What did it say?
- Missouri Compromise
- Why created?
- What did it say?
- Industrial Revolution
- Erie Canal
- where?
- when built?
- the “Lowell system”
- Eli Whitney
- Samuel Slater
- Robert Fulton
- James Hargreaves
- cult of domesticity
- election of 1824
- “corrupt bargain” – why?
- Jackson’s administration
- spoils system
- kitchen cabinet
- Cherokee vs. GA
- John Marshall
- war with 2nd Bank of US
- Nicholas Biddle
- Roger Taney
- pet banks and effects
- Specie Circular
- “Tariff of Abominations”
- John C. Calhoun
- Nullification crisis
- Daniel Webster
Jacksonian era – Civil War
- Alexis de Tocqueville and Democracy in America
- main points about America
- Characteristics of America in early nineteenth century
- much mobility – why?
- role of women in society
- how people made money
- Reform movements
- Major educational reforms
- Religion
- changes in 2nd Great Awakening
- success of Shakers, Mormons, Rappites?
- Abolition
- successful?
- William Lloyd Garrison
- goals and problems
- Women’s movement
- successful?
- Seneca Falls Convention and “Declaration of Sentiments and
Resolutions”
- Stanton and Anthony
- Garrison
- Prison reform
- successful?
- Dorothea Dix
- Temperance
- successful?
- major state laws passed
- Transcendentalists
- beliefs?
- major focus of writing of Emerson, Poe, Edwards, Fitzhugh, Irving, Hawthorne.
- Texas/Mexico/US
- policy of Mexico towards American immigration to TX early
- Mexican restrictions on residents and further immigration to TX later
- Sam Houston
- Santa Anna
- Battle of the Alamo and significance
- US problems with annexing TX
- Manifest Destiny
- John O’Sullivan
- President Polk and main goals
- slavery in America before Civil War
- increase/decrease? Why?
- slave conditions
- who owned slaves?
- American (Know-Nothing) Party
- main beliefs
- Gold Rush
- Major differences between North and South
- impact of RR’s
- Road to Civil War
- main causes of Civil War
- Wilmot Proviso
- Calhoun’s Resolution
- Lewis Cass and popular sovereignty
- Compromise of 1850
- Ostend Manifesto
- major presidents and mistakes made
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Bleeding Kansas
- John Brown
- Lecompton Constitution
- Dred Scott v. Sanford
- Lincoln/Douglas debates
- Stephen Douglas
- election of 1860
- Crittenden Compromise
- Why doesn’t Lincoln support it?
- Civil War
- advantages/disadvantages of North and South
- Fort Sumter
- effects of Antietam and Gettysburg
- Emancipation Proclamation
- why created
- what did it do
- effects
- King Cotton diplomacy
- successful?
- diplomacy of Civil War
- Who did Europe support, if anyone? Why?
Reconstruction to Industrial Revolution
- Oneida community and Brook Farm – how were they similar?
- Reconstruction
- problems between Johnson and Radical Republicans
- major programs of both
- Reconstruction Acts of 1867
- Why was Johnson impeached?
- What happened to most southern Blacks during Reconstruction?
- Black Codes
- Compromise of 1877
- shift to sharecropping and crop lien system in South – how did it effect South?
- Native Americans
- Who was the biggest group to move into Appalachia as NA’s were defeated?
- effects on transcontinental RR on them
- causes of 2nd Sioux War
- Battle of Little Big Horn
- Battle of Wounded Knee
- Dawes Act
- US government’s NA policy – Dept. of Interior and War Dept.
- Helen Hunt Jackson’s A Century of Dishonor
- Farmers
- US policy towards agriculture
- Causes of agrarian discontent
- In what areas did farmers seek federal relief?
- Populist Party
- goals
- leadership
- Why failed?
- William Jennings Bryan
- Why failed in 1896 election?
- Why did farmers’ movement lose momentum at end of 1890s?
- Grange
- goals
- leadership
- Why failed?
- Mary Elizabeth Lease
- Industry
- Causes of Industrial Revolution
- Why did many co.’s adopt horizontal and vertical integration?
- tactics of Rockefeller and Carnegie
- purpose of anticombination laws passed in states in 1890s
- laissez-faire
- How much did government regulate industry? Why?
- Sherman Anti-Trust Act: what did it do and was it effective?
- Interstate Commerce Act: what did it do and was it effective?
- Immigration
- What country did most old immigrants come from?
- old vs. new immigration
- When did they come?
- From what part of Europe?
- Where did most settle and why?
- When did US adopt strict immigration laws? Were they effective?
- Why did most Slavic immigrants settle in Midwest?
- Why was their most animosity towards new immigrants?
- Gilded Age
- Why was there so much corruption?
- Boss Tweed and Thomas Nast
- What happened to US economy during Gilded Age?
- Did hours increase? Wages? Etc.
- Problems of cities
- Describe major elements of a late nineteenth and early twentieth century city.
- Major problems of cities.
- Why did death rate decline in cities in late nineteenth century?
- settlement houses
- Who ran them?
- What kind of services did they provide?
- Labor movement
- In what ways was it successful and not successful?
- AFL vs. K of L
- membership
- goals
- rate of success
- Haymarket Square Riot
- Pullman Strike
- Compare/contrast W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington
Imperialism – Depression
- Imperialism
- isolationism vs. imperialism
- causes of imperialism
- Alfred Thayer Mahan
- causes of Spanish-American War
- Joseph Pulitzer and Randolph Hearst
- US gains as a result of Spanish-American War
- Filipino-American War
- Emilio Aguinaldo
- US debate over annexation
- Open Door Notes
- Boxer Rebellion
- Russo-Japanese War
- TR’s goal in mediating Treaty of Portmouth
- Roosevelt Corollary and why it was created
- Progressives
- who were they?
- problems
- goals
- muckrakers
- Upton Sinclair and The Jungle
- effects
- Robert LaFollette
- direct primary, etc.
- 17th and 18th Amendments
- Alice Paul
- 19th Amendment
- TR vs. Taft
- main reasons they split
- Wilson’s progressivism
- Federal Trade Commission, etc.
- World War I
- Committee on Public Information
- George Creel
- goals of propaganda
- main reasons US joined war
- main goals of Wilson’s 14 Points
- Wilson vs. Senate
- Why did US fail to join League of Nations?
- Post-war foreign policy
- goals of Washington Naval Conference
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- Harding
- Why was he generally an ineffective president?
- Teapot Dome Scandal
- Harding and Coolidge’s feelings about big business
- D.W. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation
- Why was it controversial?
- 1920s
- Margaret Sanger
- goal of the Palmer Raids
- problems of farmers
- Ku Klux Klan
- Harlem Renaissance
- Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon’s policies
- Scopes monkey trial
- Sacco-Vanzetti trial
- Charles Lindbergh
- Henry Ford and Model T
- writers
- What was literature of writers such as Lewis and Fitzgerald mainly
about?
- Why were they called the “lost generation”?
- Great Depression
- causes
- Hoover vs. FDR in dealing with Depression
- What were “Hoovervilles”?
- goal of Bonus Expeditionary Force
- major goals of New Deal
- accomplishment of FDR’s “Hundred Days”
- National Industrial Recovery Act
- Schetcher v. US
- Tennessee Valley Authority
- Wagner Act
- Agricultural Adjustment Act
- Butler v. US
- Social Security Act
- major opponents: Townsend, Long, Coughlin
- FDR’s court-packing plan
- successful?
- Why did AFL split apart during Depression?
WWII – Clinton era
- “Good Neighbor” policy with Latin America
- Hitler and Mussolini
- fascism
- Munich Conference - 1938
- appeasement
- Invasion of Poland and rest of Czechoslovakia - beginning of WWII (1939)
- blitzkrieg
- US Neutrality?
- FDR
- Neutrality Acts
- cash and carry (Congressional approval??)
- bases for destroyers (Congressional approval??)
- lend-lease (Congressional approval??)
- Selective Service Act (1st peacetime draft in US history)
- Pearl Harbor (Hawaii)
- Why was US unprepared?
- Allies
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- Winston Churchill
- Josef Stalin
US first focuses on defeating Germany rather than Japan. Why?
- success in Africa and Italy
- Operation Torch
- Operation Overlord/D-day (turning point)
- Germany surrenders on May 7, 1945.
Holocaust
- War Refugee Board
War in the Pacific
- island hopping
- General Douglas MacArthur
- Battle of Midway (turning point)
- Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- why?
War on the home front
- Japanese concentration camps in US. Why?
- Korematsu vs. US
- Women and African Americans get lots of jobs because men away at war.
Wartime diplomacy: what was said at each?
- Yalta Conference
- Potsdam Conference
- Creation of the United Nations
Cold War
- Define it
- Truman
- containment
- George Kennan and the “Long Telegram”
- Cordell Hull
- Truman Doctrine
- Marshall Plan
- NATO
- Berlin Airlift
- Teller Amendment
- Korean War
- Why does he fire MacArthur?
- Eisenhower
- Sec. of State Dulles
- massive retaliation
- end of Korean War
- Interstate Highway System
- Sputnik and effects on US
- NASA
- use of CIA
- increased alliances (OAS, SEATO, CENTO)
- U-2 incident
- Kennedy
- Bay of Pigs invasion and results
- Operation Mongoose
- Vienna Summit
- Berlin Wall
- Cuban Missile Crisis and results
- LBJ
- Six-day War
- Vietnam: Eisenhower, JFK, LBJ, RN, and Ford
- US involvement with French
- Geneva Accords
- Ho Chi Minh
- Ngo Dinh Diem and problems
- Tonkin Gulf incident
- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
- search and destroy
- General William Westmoreland
- Tet Offensive
- “Pentagon Papers”
- Daniel Ellsberg
- Vietnamization and increased bombing
- 1975 – Saigon falls to Vietcong
- Nixon
- détente
- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)
- Yom Kippur War (Egypt and Syria vs. Israel)
- shuttle diplomacy
- visit to China
- Ronald Reagan
- renewed Cold War tensions
- “evil empire”
- Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star Wars”)
- End of Cold War
- 1989 – Berlin Wall falls
- 1991 – SU falls
Civil Rights
- Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)
- Roy Wilkins and NAACP
- Rosa Parks
- Montgomery bus boycott
- Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
- Civil Rights Act of 1957
- Students Non-Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
- Freedom Riders
- 1963 March on Washington
- Birmingham – 1963
- Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Voting Rights Act of 1965
- Malcolm X and Black Muslims
- Black Panthers
- Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, Eldridge Cleaver
- Black Power movement
- Stokely Carmichael
- MLK assassination
- Green v. County School Board (1968)
- Decision said gov. would cut off funds to racially segregating school systems.
- Nixon ignored SC and instructed Justice Dept. to support school boards that were
to delay segregation.
- SC, though, affirmed integration by busing students from outside the area to try to
achieve racial balance in school.
- Cesar Chavez and NFW
- American Indian Movement
- women’s movement
- NOW
- Betty Friedan
- STOP ERA movement
- Phyllis Schafly
- Geraldine Ferraro
Eisenhower-Clinton domestic (and some foreign) policy
- McCarthyism
- 2nd Red Scare
- conformity
- David Riesman
- John F. Kennedy
- New Frontier programs
- difficulties with Congress
- assassination: Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby
- Rachel Carson
- Lyndon Baines Johnson
- major programs of the Great Society
- failed due to money spent on Vietnam War
- Michael Harrington and The Other America: What did this reveal?
- Warren Court
- Chief Justice Earl Warren
- liberal decisions (Brown v. Board of Ed, etc)
- Barry Goldwater
- lost to LBJ in 1964
- very conservative
- support of using nuclear weaponry scared some people
- Richard Nixon
- Chief Justice Warren Burger
- chosen by Nixon b/c he was conservative
- main purpose of New Federalism
- Spiro Agnew
- resigned from office over corruption
- Watergate: What happened at the hotel?
- Archibald Cox
- Saturday Night Massacre
- Nixon resigns
- War Powers Act: What did it say and why was it created?
- Gerald Ford
- pardons Nixon
- Helsinki Accords
- Jimmy Carter
- What did Carter do during energy crisis?
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: What did the US do?
- Camp David Accords
- Iranian hostage crisis
- US helicopter crashed attempting rescue
- Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini
- Ronald Reagan
- Mikhail Gorbachev and Reagan summit meeting
- Strategic Defense Initiative
- increased Cold War tensions
- Iran-Contra Scandal
- US caught selling arms to Iranians to get release of hostages. Money from sale
would go to Nicaraguan guerrillas who were fighting to take down the
Sandanista government.
- little effect on Reagan
- “Teflon President”
- Challenger explosion
- George Bush, Sr.
- Persian Gulf War
- Iraq invades Kuwait
- Norman Schwartzkopf
- Operation Desert Shield and Storm
- Saddam Hussein
- Iraq pulled out of Kuwait but Hussein remained in power.
- Bill Clinton
- candidates in the 1992 election: H. Ross Perot, Clinton, Bush, Sr.
- government shutdown
- Newt Gingrich
- US troops in Somalia to protect food shipments from getting in hands of war lords.
- failure
- Crisis in the Balkans
- Slobodan Milosevic
- Kosovo and ethnic cleansing
- impeachment and acquittal