Download Jan 2011 Regents

January 2011
1.
(1)
Part A-B I
When you stand at the equator and look directly north, you will see Polaris on the
horizon.
At 40* latitude (NY)
Polaris would have
an altitude of 40.
Altitude=N. latitude
*FACT*
At 0* latitude
(equator) Polaris
would have an
altitude of 0 (the
horizon)
2.
(2)
*FACT*Red shift means the star is moving away.
Blue shift means the star is moving toward.
ESRT pg. 14
*FACT*Early Earth had many active volcanoes, which released many gases into the
atmosphere.
June 21st – Sun rises north of east and sets north of west
Sept. 23rd – Sun rises due east and sets due west
December 21st – Sun rises south of east and sets south of west
March 21st – Sun rises due east and sets due west
3.
(3)
4.
(3)
5.
(1)
*FACT*The Earth rotates at a rate of 15º per hour, causing the apparent
motion of all celestial objects (sun, moon, stars) to move in our sky the same
rate.
6
1
*FACT*The greatest amount of heat energy is absorbed in rough, dark colored
surfaces, because a rough surface has more surface area therefore it will absorb
more energy and dark colors absorb more solar radiation. They will also be the
best radiators.
7
2
Page 14 of the ESRT states that in the
troposphere as altitude increases,
temperature decreases. This is an indirect
relationship.
8
9
3
3
*FACT*Air pressure is measured by a barometer.
Dew point is measured by a sling psychrometer.
Wind speed is measured by an Anemometer.
Visibility is measured on a runway using a tranmissometer
Page 1 in the ESRT. To see which
phase change will have the greatest
amount of energy absorbed by 1 gram
of water and it is evaporation, because
water must gain 2260 j/g in order
to vaporize.
(almost never asked/answer)
10
4
11
2
*FACT*The least amount of surface water runoff happens if the surface is
unsaturated (meaning that it is not full of water *think saturated sponge*) the
water will be absorbed by the surface, leaving less water run down the slope. If it
is saturated, then it is full of water and could not absorb any more. Least amount
of runoff will also happen when the slope is gentle because the water will not rush
down the slope as it would if it were steep.
H
H
L
H
*FACT* Inward because the low pressure is at the
L
L
H
H
H
L
L
L
center and wind moves from High to Low Pressure and
counterclockwise surface winds are low pressure
because they cause stormy weather.
12
3
13
4
14
4
15
3
16
3
*FACT* The curved outline would be the erosion left
by glaciers because they are more destructive to
valleys and use abrasion to dig out the u-shape. A vshape indicates water eroded the surface.
*FACT* Weathering (breakdown of rocks) and biological activity (animals digging,
dying, decomposing etc) effect the formation of soil mostly because these
factors caused soil to be formed.
*FACT*Sediments found in glacier moraines are typically unsorted and not
layered due to the fact that glaciers use abrasion and plucking to pick up and move
materials in their path, like a bulldozer. (Sorting is layering)
The differences in landscapes between Old Forge and Water Town are mainly
affected by the bedrock below the surface. *FACT* Harder minerals within the
bedrock, creates rock resistant to weathering and erosion.
120
ESRT p 1 ->
110
-You must90
1st Label the contour lines and 2nd solve:
120  90m 30 m
m
=
= 10
3km
3km
km
17
4
ESRT pg 8 & 9 indicates that
Coelophysis L existed during the
Late Triassic Early Jurassic Period.
Compare ESRT pg 2 to pg 3. Newark
Lowlands has the pattern that
represents this time
ESRT pg 2
ESRT pg 3
18
4
251-299 mya(ESRT 8&9)
Cambrian &Ordivician (ESRTp3)
444-542mya (ESRT 8&9)
251-299 mya(ESRT 8&9)
146-200 mya(ESRT 8&9)
19
3
T
G
A
(ESRT 8&9)
20
1
Y
G is the only one in the same period
ESRT pg. 8 & 9
First of all…Dunite is IGNEOUS – def NOT the answer.
Only slateis formed by regional met ONLY.
21
3
22
2
23
3
24
3
Using the ESRT pg. 5 find the Indian-Australian plate. This plate is converging, or
moving towards the pacific plate, making #3 your answer.
Using the ESRT pg. 10, follow the dashed line between stiffer mantle and the
asthenosphere down to the solid line on the temperature graph. The point at
which they meet indicates (when you follow it to the left) that the temp is
between the 2000o and 3000o point. Therefore it is closest to 2500 degrees,
making #2 your answer.
Using the ESRT pg. 6 the chart Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification we are
able to determine what minerals can be found in the samples of rhyolite and
andesite by looking down at the chart and seeing that the mineral biotite is
composed in both of these rocks, making #3 your answer.
In question 24 it is stated that the rock below is a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary
rocks are composed of fragments of many rocks as you can see in the picture. By
process of elimination: eliminate (1) bc ALL rocks are composed of several
minerals. (2) VESICULAR refers to igneous rocks-it is even found on the igneous
chart on ESRT 6. (4) DISTORTED and STRETCHED are terms used to describe
metamorphic rocks on ESRT p 7(see metaconglomerate)
(terms found on ESRT p7) Sedimentary chart
25
4
26
1
27
3
28
1
29
1
30
4
31
2
32
2
33
3
34
4
35
3
36
1
37
3
Using the ESRT pg. 16 find the “Mineral Name” column and find the mineral
Quartz. Look over to find the uses of Quartz. Quartz is used as glass, making #4
your answer.
Using the front cover of the ESRT pg 1 you can clearly see that the Troposphere
is made of 20% of oxygen, 78% of nitrogen, and 1% other.
*FACT*Gravity has a direct relationship with mass and distance. Large, close
stars will have the strongest gravitational force. The smaller, farther stars will
have the weakest gravidational force.
*FACT*Solar Eclipse (sun is being blocked by the moon). It must occur during the
day when the sun is visible. An observer in the Umbra will observe a total solar
eclispe and an observer in the penumbra will observe a partial eclipse.
The blurb at the beginning of the question indicates that the air mass is coming
down from north central United States therefore it is cold and was formed over
land (otherwise ti would have indicated which body of water it formed
over)…c=continental (land) P=polar (cold) behind the cold symbol.
ESRT 13
*FACT*Resistant means that it resists or does not weather easily. A,C, and E, have
sharp angular edges that have not been weathered to a smooth surface.
*FACT*Ocean currents are all about weathering, erosion, and deposition. The
other terms are used in geologic hist/dynamic crust…crust isnt changing here.
A trench is formed at a subduction zone which is convergent…Most of these terms
are used on pg. 5 of the ESRT.
The ages shown are all in billions of years. From looking at the map you can easily
answer the question that the youngest rock is on the east and west coasts.
Humans are considered present day…ESRT pg.8&9
The question indicates that this mineral crystal formation is from cooling molten
material, which means it is igneous…(1) shale is sedimentary, (2)gneiss is
metamorphic, (3) Gabbro is igneous, (4) Breccia is sedimentary…All of these rock
names are found on their appropriate chart on pg 6&7 ESRT
ESRT 16
*FACT*
Luster is an observation one makes with their eyes…it is defined as the way light
reflects from the surface (pearly, metallic, dull…etc).
38
2
from the diagram:
Map I shows:
Map II shows:
are horizantle areas of high elevation.
(this matches where B was in Map I), and
the pattern indicates:
weathering is low in dry climates therefore
the landscape would NOT be deformed but horizantle.
39
4
40
2
41
2
*FACT*…Tropic of Capricorn gets 90o insolation on 12/21
B has the largest range in temperature because it is farthest inland. The cities on
or near the coast have a lower range in temperature due to their
proximity(distance) to water. WATER REGULATES TEMPERATURE causing
cooler summers and warmer winters.
ESRT p. 4: Only C and F are on the east coast which is
affected by the East Australia Current. (C is not a choice)
42
2
43
1
44
2
45
3
46
3
47
4
48
3
49
1
50
1
MapI
MapII
A is in a semiarid climate region while B is in an arid climate region.
The P-waves arrived latest at station W so it must be farthest from the
epicenter. Also, *FACT*S-waves travel through SOLIDS only. Therefore if no Swaves were received then that MUST mean that it is located on the other side of
the world which would require the S-waves to travel through the liquid outer core.
*FACT*S-waves travel through SOLIDS only.
P-wave arrived 1st at 10:30:20. + 2:40 (because in the chart you were told that’s
how much later the S-wave (second wave) arrived) = 10:40:00
The blurb at the beginning states that there are equal volumes of
beads…therefore, *FACT*The smaller beads have MORE SURFACE AREA.
Therefore there is more area for water to stick to. Retained water is “held back”
meaning it will not drain from the tube as it sticks to the surface of the tiny
beads. The 12mm beads have greater permeability-which means that the water
can pass through easily. However, POROSITY IS EQUAL!
*FACT*Hurricanes – because they form over large bodies of water and the warm
air mass increases evaporation. Warm air masses form in the lower latitudes
ESRT p. 3
- match the pattern of rock
*FACT*Rocks become smaller as they are eroded. Water erosion causes them to
become rounder.
*FACT*Water always slows when a river enters a large body of water because
they are usually still or standing water. Sediments are deposited because there is
little or no stream velocity to transport them.
Part B II
51.
A
C
E
G
C is summer bc the Earth is
tilted toward the sun.
D is winter bc the Earth is
tilted away from the sun. A
and E indicate exactly 12
hours of day and night bc
they are shaded directly
through then.pole..
52.
A-C is ¼ of the path…365/4= 91.25
53.
From the map:
From the key:
54.
From the map:
From the key:
***Cenozoic era covers all time from
65.5 mya-present day
From the ESRT p. 8:
55. The question:
answer:
These three are the only fine grained
igneous rocks that are on the Mafic
side of the density scale on the
chart.
56. Answer:
ESRT pg 5
ICELAND
57. ESRT pg 5
-cause the divergent boundary
-is located under the hot spot and is the source of the magma
-direction of magma movement at a divergent boundary
58. ESRT pg 13
59.
ESRT pg 13
60. **Fact** you need to know these names and be able to produce them if asked to identify
greenhouse gasses.
61.
From the passage…
…total amount of insolation absorbed by Earth’s surface and atmosphere compared to the
amount of long-wave radiated back into space…
62. Heliocentric is defined as Helio (sun) centric (sun)…sun at the center of the solar system.
63. The obvious size and shape difference directly effects of the comet’s orbit.
64. ESRT pg 15
Point A: Jupiter
Period of revolution: approx 15 earth yrs
Dist from sun: approx 800 million km
Point B: Saturn
Period of revolution: approx 30 earth yrs
Dist from sun: approx 1500 million km
Point C: Uranus
Period of revolution: approx 80 earth yrs
Dist from sun: approx 3000 million km
Point D: Neptune
Period of revolution: approx 160 earth yr
Dist from sun: approx 4500 million km
Test booklet graph:
65. ESRT pg 15 – you can clearly see that as the planets distance increases, the period of
revolution increases as well. This is also Kepler’s 3rd law of planetary motion.
Part C
66. Identify one metamorphic rock formed at the boundary between E and H…
The sedimentary chart ESRT pg. 6 identifys rock E as Sandstone via the
map symbol:
The metamorphic chart ESRT pg 6 identifies that Hornfels is formed from
various rocks and quartzite is formed from the metamorphism of sandstone.
67. As per ESRT pg 8&9 fossils of Centroceras
Tetragraptus
J
in rock unit F is
F
in rock unit D is Devonian and
Therefore rock unit D which was
formed in between them must be
from one of the following 3 periods
had to form during that range of
time…However Cambrian is a bit of a
stretch…I wouldn’t chance it 
68.
Inf 1: Rock
unit G is older
than the fault.
Inf 2: Rock
unit A is
younger than
rock unit C.
Law of Crosscutting relationships (layer must exist for fault or igneous to cut through) inference #1
Law of Superposition: (oldest layer is on the bottom) inference #2
Law of Original Horizantality: (Layers are always deposited in flat even layers when first formed) (To be used
when layers have been tilted, faulted, or disturbed in some way). **This law is NOT shown in this question**
69. Identify the rock at unit D:
Rock unit D:
ESRT pg 6
ESRT pg 7: Sedimentary
70. State the diameter of a
ESRT pg 7: Sedimentary
particle found in rock unit B:
**you have to choose a value, NOT write the range as shown
71. The Jovian planets are the 4 planets
that follow the 4 terrestrial ones:
ESRT pg 15:
72. Question objective: to compare Earth’s equatorial diameter and density to Jupiter:
73. Question objective: identify the color and luminosity of star 51 Pegasi:
ESRT pg 15
74. Question objective: Shade the moon that appears dark at the position shown:
1. Turn your diagram so that the Earth and
Moon are in a straight line in front of you.
2. Cover the rear portion with your thumb.
3.Label the right and left side.
4.Shade the right half in answer booklet:
Place thumb here
Left
Right HALF is shaded.
(not shaded)
75. Identify the tide at each location:
**W and Y are high tides because it is the moon’s gravitational pull that causes tidal changes.
X and Y will experience low tides until those locations rotate into the appropriate
positions.(approx 6 hours later)**
76. Solar time at position Y?
The arrow indicates that the earth is rotating counterclockwise,
therefore, position Y is approaching darkness. Since exactly half
of the earth is experiencing night through the north pole we can
identify this date as an equinox (spring or fall), thus, the locations
on Earth (specifically the equator in this diagram) will have a 12
hour day and a 12 hour night. ( Z is midnight, W is 6am, X is noon)
77.
1. lightly circle all of the
values that are lower (or
Massena
higher) than 100. In this
example the lower ones
are circled.
2. Draw the line that
separates the values that
are less than 100.
3. Erase ALL stray marks
when done.
78. ESRT pg 3 –NYS Map shows Massena in northern New York state:
Massena is located at
that 70 in point…you
just had to match up
the location.
79. High amounts of snow are a result of many factors…
* * * *
* * * **
* * * *
Lake
Wind blows across the surface of the lake increasing evaporation. The water vapor expands and rises
to a higher altitude at the top of the mountain where the air cools down to the dew point
temperature, at which point precipitation occurs. FYI – the air then compresses and warms as it is
forced down the leeward side of the mountain.
80 – 83 are based on the diagram below:
80. The question identified the floodplain as any land area lower than 450 ft of elevation,
therefore you were to draw the indicated pattern between the two 450 ft lines as shown.
81. Describe how the contour lines indicate river flow direction:
Contour lines bend
upstream…water
flows downstream
82. Why is erosion greater at A than B?
Erosion and deposition is a direct result of changes
in stream velocity…high velocity=increased erosion.
Velocity is greatest on the outside of the curve.
83. Identify one emergency preparedness activity that people living in the floodplain area can
take to protect themselves and their property from possible flooding. (Easy-ish question
because ususally they ask one or the other, ie: protect themselve or just protect their property)
Always a GREAT answer…also to have
-safety kit
-medical supplies -food and water
-radio
with batteries
84. Possible average yearly rainfall on equator and 20oE
The map indicates a location between 2000 and 2200 cm isolines.
85. Explain why airmasses that form over the
South Equatorial Current move at higher altitudes:
Air masses that form in the south are
warm in temp ESRT pg 4 shows that the
S.Equatorial Current is a solid black
arrow which the map key indicates is
warm… warm air is less dense so it rises