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Earth Structure and Motion Notes and Activities Earth Structure and Motion Vocabulary Assignment for Vocabulary On a separate sheet of paper, list the words and define them using your textbook, a dictionary, the Internet, or any other source you choose. Just get it done!!! Once you have defined the words read over each word so that you are able to understand its meaning. I will collect and grade your completed list or give a matching QUIZ prior to the test on this information. Number each word 1 through 15: Mantle Inner Core Crust Lithosphere Atmosphere Density Volume Oblate Spheroid Asthenosphere Rotation Outer Core Hydrosphere Mass Circumference Revolution Earth Structure 3 Spheres of the Earth 1. _________________________- solid, Interior of the Earth, made of rock. 2. _________________________- liquid, water, oceans, ice caps, lakes, rivers 3. _________________________-gas, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide Interior of the Earth- Pg 12, ESRT Density Pressure Temperature Depth Lithosphere Asthenosphere Stiffer Mantle Outer Core Inner Core As you get deeper into the Earth, the density ______________________, the pressure ______________________, and the temperature ______________________. The Atmosphere- Pg 14, ESRT Altitude Temperature Pressure Water Vapor Concentration Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere As you get higher up in the atmosphere, the temperature ______________________, the pressure ______________________, and the water vapor concentration ______________________. Earth Motions The Earth has two major motions as it travels through space. ________________ is the spin of the Earth on its axis, while ________________ is the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. Rotation It takes approximately ________________ for the Earth to rotate once on its axis (more specifically, ____________________________ according to the ESRT). There are several pieces of evidence showing us that the Earth rotates. The pieces of evidence are _______________, _______________, and______________________________, Describe or diagram how each of those three works to demonstrate that the Earth is rotating: 1. _______________________ 2. _______________________ 3. _______________________ Time Longitude determines time. The Earth is a _________, so it is 360º around. It takes 24 hours for the Earth to rotate once, so: 360º = 15º per hour 24 hrs Therefore each standard time zone on Earth is 15º of __________________. State the time distance between the points: A and C ________________ C and F ________________ C and D ________________ International Date Line When crossing the International date line at ________ longitude, not only does the time change, but the date changes also. Moving west across the International date line, the date moves ______________ one day. Moving east across the International date line, the date moves __________ one day. When it is 0900 hrs, October 3rd on the east side of the Interrnational date line, it is 0800 hrs, October 4th on the west side. This date change keeps time moving continually as the Earth rotates. Practice problems (refer to the map on the previous page): 1. When it is 1000 hrs in New York (point C), what time is it in Tokyo? 2. When it is 1530 hrs in Los Angeles (point A), what time is it in Sydney, Australia? 3. When it is 0800 hrs in Tokyo, what time is it in Portugal (point F)? 4. When it is 0945 in Sydney, Australia, what time is it in New York? Sunrise and Sunset The sun generally rises in the______________ and sets in the ______________. These directions vary with the time of year. During the summer, the sun rises in the ___________________ and sets in the ___________________ while during winter the sun rises in the ___________________ and sets in the __________________. This keeps the sun high in the sky during the _____________________ and low in the sky during the ____________________. Revolution Seasons The axis of the Earth is tilted ________º from perpendicular to the plane of revolution. That tilt gives us _________________ on Earth. These _________________, along with the concept of _________________ gives us evidence that the Earth revolves around the Sun. During the summer the North Pole is generally pointing ___________________ the Sun. The first day of summer is __________________ and is called the _____________________________. On that day, the direct rays of the Sun are shining on __________. This line of latitude is called the ______________________________. During the winter the South Pole is generally pointing ___________________ the Sun. The first day of winter is __________________ and is called the _____________________________. On that day, the direct rays of the Sun are shining on __________. This line of latitude is called the ______________________________. On the first day of spring and fall, the direct rays of the Sun are on the _______________. The first day of spring is _______________________ and is called the _____________________________. The first day of fall (autumn) is _______________________ and is called the _____________________________. Parallax Distant stars appear in different places in the sky during different times of the year. This is called parallax. The angle to the star from each location makes it appear in different parts of the sky. Sample Regents Questions