Download AHS AP B Physics

AHS AP B Physics
Mr. Kenny Schweitzer
[email protected]
www.quia.com/pages/apahsphysicsb.html
Course Overview:
The course consists of five fifty minute periods every week. It is generally taught as a first year class.
Physics emphasizes a more complex understanding of experimentation, the analysis of data, and the use of
reasoning and logic to evaluate evidence. The use of mathematics, including algebra, inferential statistics,
and trigonometry, is important, but conceptual understanding of physical systems remains a primary
concern. Students build on basic physical science principles by exploring in depth the nature and
characteristics of energy and its dynamic interaction with matter. Key areas covered in the course include
force and motion, kinetic molecular theory, energy transformations, wave phenomena and the
electromagnetic spectrum, light, electricity fields, and non-Newtonian physics. Emphasis is placed on the
practical application of physics in other areas of science and technology and how physics affects our world.
Text:
Giancoli, Douglas C. Physics: Principles with Application. 6th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Prentice Hall.
Materials Needed:
3 ring binder or notebook
Lab Notebook – composition
Pencils (no ink pens on tests, quizzes, or homework)
Course Requirements:
Three Exams per Nine Weeks (100 points each)
Lab Reports (10 points each)
Reading Notes (50 points each)
Quizzes (25 points each)
Daily Problems (25 points each)
Homework (25 points each)
Assignments turned in late will be docked 5% per day.
Grading:
Grades will be assigned according to the scale:
A
B
C
D
90 - 100
80 - 90
70 - 80
60 - 70
40%
20%
10%
10%
10%
10%
Course Outline:
INTRODUCTION
Unit 1: Math and Data Review – Chapter 1 (1/2 week)
A. Algebra review
B. Data collection and analysis
C. Dimensional Analysis
I. NEWTONIAN MECHANICS
Unit 2: One Dimension Kinematics– Chapter 2 (2 weeks)
A. Motion in One Dimension
1. Reference Frames
2. Position-time and velocity-time graphs
3. Equations of motion under constant acceleration
Unit 3: Two Dimension Kinematics – Chapter 3 and 5 (2.5 weeks)
A. Vector addition
1. Graphical methods
2. Algebraic methods
B. Motion in Two Dimensions
1. Projectiles
C. Gravitation
1. Circular motion
2. Planetary motion
Unit 4: Newton’s Laws – Chapter 4 (4 weeks)
A. Inertial Reference Frames (First Law)
B. Dynamics of a Single Body (Second Law)
C. Systems of Two or More Bodies (Third Law)
D. Free-body Diagrams
E. Applications
1. Inclined planes
2. Static and kinetic friction
Unit 5: Work, Energy, Power – Chapter 6 (2 weeks)
A. Work and Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem
B. Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
1. Gravity
2. Springs
C. Conservation of Mechanical Energy
D. Power
Unit 6: Momentum – Chapter 7 (1.5 weeks)
A. Momentum
1. Impulse-Momentum Theorem
2. Conservation of Linear Momentum and Collisions
a. Inelastic, completely inelastic and perfectly elastic collisions
b. Two-dimensional collisions
Unit 7: Rotational Motion – Chapter 8 (1 week)
A. Angular Acceleration
B. Torque
C. Conservation of Angular Momentum (for a point mass)
II. FLUIDS MECHANICS & THERMAL PHYSICS
Unit 8: Fluid Mechanics – Chapter 10 (1.5 weeks)
A. Density and pressure
1. Density and specific gravity
2. Pressure as a function of depth
3. Pascal’s Law
B. Buoyancy – Archimedes’ Principle
C. Fluid flow continuity
D. Bernoulli's equation
E. Applications
1. Hydraulics
2. Effects of atmosphere on weather, baseballs, etc.
3. Flotation and SCUBA
4. Flight
5. Plumbing
Unit 9: The Laws of Thermodynamics – Chapter 15 (1 week)
A. First Law
1. Processes
B. Second Law
1. Heat Engines
2. Entropy
III. SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND SOUND
Unit 10: Wave motion and Sound – Chapters 11 and 12 (3.5 weeks)
A. Simple Harmonic Motion
B. Description and characteristics of waves
C. Standing waves and harmonics
1. Waves on a string
2. Waves in a tube (open and closed)
D. The Doppler Effect (in one dimension)
E. Sound intensity, power and relative sound intensity
F. Musical applications
IV. ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM
Unit 11: Electrostatics – Chapters 16 and 17(2.5 weeks)
A. Coulomb’s Law
B. Electric Fields and Gauss’ Law
C. Electric Potential Energy and Electric Potential
D. Capacitance
1. Graphical description of capacitance (charge vs. voltage)
a. slope – capacitance
b. area – energy stored
2. Capacitors in series and parallel
E. Applications
1. Point charge distributions
2. Parallel plates
3. Cathode ray tubes
4. Millikan Oil Drop Experiment
5. Condensers, uninterruptible power supplies, tone controls
Unit 12: Current Electricity – Chapters 18 and 19 (2.5 weeks)
A. Emf, Current, Resistance and Power
B. DC circuits
a. Series and parallel circuits
b. Batteries and internal resistance
c. Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s rules
d. Voltmeters and ammeters
e. Capacitors in circuits (RC circuits)
Unit 13: Electromagnetism – Chapters 20, 21 and 22 (2 weeks)
D. Magnetostatics
1. Force of a magnetic field on a moving charge
2. Force of a magnetic field on a current carrying wire
3. Torque on a current carrying loop
4. Magnetic fields due to straight and coiled wires
E. Electromagnetic Induction
1. Magnetic flux
2. Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law
F. Applications
1. Mass spectrometers
2. Motors
3. Generators
4. Particle colliders
V. WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT
Unit 14: Optics – Chapters 23 and 24 (3 weeks)
A. Geometric Optics
1. Reflection, Refraction and Snell’s Law – Chapters 17 and 18
a. Reflection and refraction at a plane surface
b. Total internal reflection
2. Images formed by mirrors
3. Images formed by lenses
4. Ray Diagrams and the thin lens/mirror equation
B. Physical Optics – Chapter 19
1. The electromagnetic spectrum
2. Interference and path difference
3. Interference effects
a. Single slit
b. Double slit
c. Diffraction grating
d. Thin film
VI. ATOMIC & NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Unit 15: Modern Physics – Chapters 26-30 (2.5 weeks)
A. Atomic Physics and Quantum Effects
1. Photons and the Photoelectric effect
2. X-ray production
3. Electron energy levels
4. Compton scattering
5. Wave nature of matter
B. Nuclear Physics
1. Atomic mass, mass number, atomic number
2. Mass defect and nuclear binding energy
3. Nuclear processes
a. modes of radioactive decay (α, β, γ)
b. fission
c. fusion
4. Mass-Energy Equivalence and Conservation of Mass and Energy
General Labs
Labs begin with the presentation of a question or problem. Students are led in a guided discussion to
formulate a hypothesis to answer the question or solve the problem. They are then presented with an
assortment of equipment and supplies and asked to design and carry out an experiment to test their
hypothesis. Students are allowed to create their own experimental design, but ultimately most of the lab
designs must lead to the collection of data which can be analyzed through graphical methods. Students
must graph by hand using a ruler and graph paper, but are encouraged to check their work with a
spreadsheet or statistical functions on their graphing calculators. They manipulate the data (if necessary)
and then form conclusions. Each experiment requires a written report, kept in an organized lab notebook.
1. Measurement of Length
Objectives:
—To use the Vernier and the micrometer calipers and read their scales.
—Explain how the number of significant figures in a measured value depends on the least count of
the measured instrument.
One Dimension Kinematics
2. Bulldozer
Objective: Analysis of the measurements of position and time of a toy car to calculate its velocity.
3. Graphing Your Motion
Objective: To use a motion detector to replicate the motion given in a teacher generated
worksheet.
4. What Goes Up Must Come Down
Objective: Determination of the acceleration due to gravity.
Two Dimension Kinematics
5. Shoot for Your Grade
Objective: Determination of muzzle velocity of a dart gun and calculation of the range.
Newton’s Laws
6. Newton’s Second Law
Objective: Graphical analysis of the variation of acceleration and force for different masses.
7. Addition of Force Vectors
Objective: Experimental, graphical, and analytical addition of force vectors.
8. Coefficient of Friction
Objective: Determination of static and kinetic coefficients of friction for various materials.
Work, Momentum, and Energy
9. Conservation of Momentum in Explosions
Objective: Analysis of the “explosion” of a dynamics cart system to determine if momentum is
conserved.
10. Work and the Inclined Plane
Objective: Design two methods to determine the work due to non-conservative forces using an
inclined plane.
11. Conservation of PE and KE
Objective: Verify the conservation of mechanical energy using a modified Atwood’s machine.
12. Conservation of Momentum and Energy—Collision in 2D
Objective: Vector conservation of momentum in two-dimensional collisions on the air table.
13. Centripetal Force
Objective: Relationship between the period, mass, speed, and radius of an object in uniform
circular motion.
Simple Harmonic Motion
14. Torque
Objective: Determination of an unknown mass using translational and rotational equilibrium.
15. Hooke’s Law
Objective: Analysis of the spring constants of several springs.
16. Simple Pendulum
Objective: Investigation of the dependence of the period on the mass, length, angle, and
determination of the acceleration due to gravity.
17. Kepler’s Laws
Virtual Lab (http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/~zhu/ast210/kepler.html)
Objective: Use of a simulation to analyze Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
Electricity and Magnetism
18. Static Electricity
Objective: Discovery activity to understand how attraction and repulsion between charged objects
occurs.
19. Part I. Ohm’s Law Part II. Series and Parallel Circuits
Objectives: Measurement of the relationship between voltage, current and resistance, dependence
of resistance on length and cross-sectional area, series and parallel combinations of
resistances.
20. Electric Potential
Objective: Map electric potential field lines
21. Magnetic Fields Around Magnets
Objectives: Tracing of magnetic fields produced by various magnets.
22. Electromagnetic Induction
Objectives: Determination of the induced emf in a coil as a measure of the magnetic field from an
alternating current in a long straight wire.
Waves and Optics
23. Wave Properties
Objectives: Relationship among wave variables using a ripple tank.
24. The Speed of Sound
Objectives: Determination of the speed of sound using a tuning fork and a column of water.
25. Part I. Law of Reflection Part II. Snell’s Law
Objectives: Analysis of reflection and determination of the index of refraction of a material.
26. Part I. Images formed by Curved Mirrors Part II. Convex and Concave Lenses
Objectives: Experimental, geometrical, and analytical determination of the formation of images.
27. Wavelength of Light
Objectives: Measurement of the wavelength of a laser beam using a diffraction grating.