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Unit Four: The Development of Modern Nations, 1865 – 1929 Learning Goals Performance Standards SSUSH6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine SSUSH11 The student will describe the growth of big business and technological innovations after Reconstruction a. Explain the impact of the railroads on other industries, such as steel, and on the organization of big business b. Describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the West; include the transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor c. Identify John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company and the rise of trusts and monopolies d. Describe the inventions of Thomas Edison; include the electric light bulb, motion pictures, and the phonograph, and their impact on American life SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth a. Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrants’ origins to southern and eastern Europe and the impact of this change on urban America b. Identify the American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers c. Describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee d. Describe the 1894 Pullman strike as an example of industrial unrest SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era a. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow Laws, Plessy vs. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities SSUSH14 The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast IB Curriculum This section, covering the period between the late 19th century and the early 20th century, saw forces that transformed the countries of the region. These forces are generally seen as part of “modernization”, a process that involved the progressive transformation of the economic, political, and social structures of the countries of the region. With respect to the first four bullets, a case study approach should be adopted, using two countries from the region as examples. The chosen countries should be identified in the introduction to the examination answers. Causes and consequences of railroad construction; industrial growth and economic modernization; the development of international and inter-American trade; neocolonialism and dependency Causes and consequences of immigration; emigration and internal migrating, including the impact upon, and experience of, indigenous peoples Development and impact of ideological currents including Progressivism, Manifest Destiny, liberalism, nationalism, positivism, Social Darwinism, “indigenismo”, and nativism Social and cultural changes: the arts; the role of women Influence of leaders in the transition to the modern era: political and economic aims; assessment of the successes and failures of Theodore Roosevelt, Wilfrid Laurier, and a Latin American leader of the student’s choice Social, economic, and legal conditions of African Americans between 1865 and 1929; the Great Migration and the Harlem Renaissance; the search for civil rights and the ideas, aims, and tactics of Booker T. Washington, WEB Dubois, and Marcus Garvey Unit Terms, IDs, and Concepts For this unit’s concepts, we will cover information involving the United States, a few Latin American Countries, and Canada. Choose one Latin American country to complete your concepts. Include Canada if it is listed. IDs Modernization Neocolonialism Hegemony Dependency (Economic) Progressivism Liberalism Conservatisim Nationalism Positivism Social Darwinism Indigenismo Nativism United States Manifest Destiny Steel Transcontinental Railroad Chinese Labor John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Company Trusts Monopolies Thomas Edison o Light Bulb o Motion Pictures o Phonograph Ellis Island American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee 1894 Pullman Strike Upton Sinclair, The Jungle Jane Addams and Hull House Jim Crow Laws Plessy vs. Ferguson NAACP Muckrakers Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Reforms Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Booker T. Washington WEB Dubois Marcus Garvey Argentina Caudillo Juan Manuel de Rosas Unitarians Interior Federalists Buenos Aires Federalists La Pampa Juan Bautista Alberdi Bartolomé Mitre Domingo Sarmiento Brazil Dom Pedro Pedro II Paraguayan War Law of the Free Womb Brazilian Republic (18891930) Canudos Rebellion Antonio Conselheiro Mexico Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana Benito Juárez Porfirio Diáz Mexican Revolution Concepts Causes of Railroad Construction in the US/LA Consequences of Railroad Construction in the US/LA Causes of industrial growth in the US/LA Consequences of industrial growth in the US/LA Causes of economic modernization in the US/LA Consequences of economic modernization in the US/LA Development of international trade in the Americas Development of interAmerican trade Causes of immigration in the US/LA Consequences of immigration in the US/LA Causes of emigration in the US/LA Consequences of emigration in the US/LA Causes of internal migration in the US/LA Consequences of internal migration in the US/LA Experience of indigenous peoples in US/LA Development of ideological currents in US/LA Change in the arts in US/LA Changing role for women in US/LA Influence of leaders in the transition to the modern era in US/Canada/LA o Theodore Roosevelt (US) o Wilfrid Laurier (Canada) o Any Leader (LA) Social conditions of African Americans 18651929 Economic conditions of African Americans 18651929 Legal conditions of African Americans 18651929 Civil Rights activities Unit Essential Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What were the economic and political policies of the states in the post-Reconstruction era? How did segregation and disenfranchisement shape race relations in the New South? What were the experiences of the farmers, miners, and cowboys in the West? What were the consequences of late-nineteenth-century Indian policy? What factors fueled the growth of the post-civil war economy? What were the methods and achievements of major entrepreneurs? What led to the rise of large labor unions? How did immigration affect the growth of the modern city? What led to the rise of powerful reform movements? 10. What was the impact of Darwinian thought on the social sciences? 11. What were the literary and philosophical trends of the late nineteenth century? 12. What were the basic elements of Progressive reform? 13. What were the central issues confronting the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt? 14. To what extent was the United States involved in the economic development of independent Latin America? 15. What factors led to the desire for economic progress in one Latin American country? 16. To what extent was the leader of one Latin American country successful in transitioning his country into the “modern age”? 17. To what extent was Wilfrid Laurier successful in transitioning Canada into the “modern age”? 18. To what extent was Theodore Roosevelt successful in transition the United States into the “modern age”? 19. How were political, social, and economic policies in Latin America influenced by Liberalism? 20. Why did the ideological currents of positivism, Social Darwinism, and progressivism change the countries in which they occurred? 21. How were indigenous people affected by the era of modernization in one country of the region? 22. Describe the changes that African Americans underwent from 1865 to 1929 in the United States and one country of Latin America. 23. Analyze the influence of foreign powers in the development of one post-independence Latin American country. 24. Justify the position taken by the Conservative government in one Latin American country during this era. 25. To what extent were the Progressive Era reforms in the United States a response to modernization? 26. Compare and contrast the process of modernization in the United States and one Latin American country. 27. To what extent were the actions of civil rights leaders such as Booker T. Washing, WEB Dubois, and Marcus Garvey successful during this era? 28. Evaluate the success of the governmental administration in one post-independence Latin American country. 29. Why were some Canadian provinces not interested in Confederation by 1867? 30. Explain why there was a high level of immigration into one country of the region in the second half of the nineteenth century. 31. Analyze the aims of caudillos in two newly independent countries in the Americas. 32. “Opponents of slavery in the Americas were united in their reasons for opposing slavery and in their proposals for ending the practice.” Using one country in the region, explain to what extent you agree with this statement. 33. Analyze the reasons for industrial development in one country of the region between 1865 and 1900. 34. Analyze the causes for the rise of the Progressive movement in the United States in the early years of the twentieth century. 35. “Intellectuals made a significant impact on society.” With reference to one country of the region in the period 1880–1919, to what extent do you agree with this statement?