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Period 3 1815-1918 The Industrial Revolution: 1780-1850 Commercial Revolution heavy industry Combination Acts Henry Cort Robert Owen puddling furnace Chartists flying shuttle, spinning jenny transportation revolution Saddler Commission water frame, spinning mule Crystal Palace Factory Act of 1833 Agricultural Revolution “petite bourgeoisie” Mines Act of 1842 Bank of England proletariat Manchester limited liability Friedrich Engels Irish Potato Famine Corn Laws Poorhouses James Watt Luddites steam engine 1. Compare and contrast the Industrial Revolution in England with the industrial countries on the continent. 2. Analyze the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the following groups: a. Women, Children, Middle Class, Proletariat, Peasantry cottage industry/“putting out system” Ideologies and Revolutions: 1815-1850 “The Age of Metternich” Conservatism- liberalism Nationalism- Romanticism socialism Congress of Vienna- K. Metternich legitimacy, compensation, balance of power Concert of Europe Congress System Carlsbad Diet, 1819 Tories Corn Laws, 1815 Peterloo Massacre, 1819 Decembrist Uprising, 1825 classical liberalism Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776 David Ricardo, “iron law of wages” Revolutions of 1830 July Revolution Louis Philippe, “Bourgeoisie King” Guiseppe Mazzini Young Italy Risorgimento Zollverein Whigs Reform Bill of 1832 Factory Act of 1831 Mines Act, 1842 Chartists Anti-Corn Law League Revolutions of 1848 February Revolution Second French Republic “June Days” Revolution Giuseppe Garibaldi Magyars-Louis Kossuth Frankfurt Parliament Frederick William IV “Humiliation of Olmutz” Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Social Contract Immanuel Kant sturm and drang George Hegel-dialectic Lord Byron Grimm’s Fairytales Victor Hugo Caspar David Friedrich Eugene Delacroix J.W.M. Turner John Constable Ludwig van Beethoven Frédéric Chopin Peter Tchaikovsky Henry de Saint-Simon Louis Blanc Pierre Joseph Proudhon Charles Fourier Karl Marx Friedrich Engels Jeremy Bentham, utilitarianism John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1859) Johann Gottfried Herder Volksgeist The Communist Manifesto, 1848 Greek Revolution “Eastern Question” dialectical materialism 1. To what extent was the balance of power maintained in Europe between 1815 and 1850? 2. To what extent did conservatism achieve its objectives in the years between 1815 and 1850? 3. To what extent did liberals and nationalists achieve their goals in Europe between 1815 and 1900? 4. Why was there no revolution in Britain in the period 1815-1848 while many revolutions occurred on the Continent? 5. Compare and contrast the ideals of the Romantic Era with those of the Enlightenment. 19th Century Society: Urbanization and Intellectual Movements (1800-1914) Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species Second Industrial Revolution Edouard Manet, Le Déjeuner Hebert Spencer, Social Darwinism urbanization sur l’herbe ;Olympia Sigmund Freud Public Health Movement Impressionism Marie Curie Edwin Chadwick Claude Monet, Impression Albert Einstein- relativity “sanitary idea” Sunrise Rerum Novarum Georges von Haussmann Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Le Realism fin de siècle Moulin de la Galette Emile Zola “Belle Époque” Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night George Eliot Louis Pasteur, germ theory Paul Gauguin Leo Tolstoy pasteurization Paul Cézanne Francois Millet, The Gleaners Joseph Lister Pablo Picasso, Les Honore Daumier, Third-Class Dmitri Mendeleev Madamoselle d’Avignon Carriage August Comte Cubism Edgar Degas positivism Expressionism 1. Analyze ways in which urbanization impacted European society in the 19th century. 2. How did scientific advances in the late-19th century challenge the ways Europeans viewed the world? The Age of Realpolitik: 1848-1871 Crimean War King Victor Emmanuel Prussian-Danish War, 1863 Florence Nightingale Count Cavour “Il Risorgimento” Austro-Prussian War, 1866 Second French Republic Plombiérès, 1859 Reichstag Second French Empire Giuseppe Garibaldi, Red Shirts Bundestag Napoleon III “Humiliation of Olmutz” Franco-Prussian War, 1870-71 Falloux Law Zollverein Ems Dispatch “Liberal Empire” Otto von Bismarck Austro-Hungarian Empire Syllabus of Errors, 1864 “gap theory” Ausgleich, 1867 Sardinia-Piedmont “blood and iron” Magyars 1. Compare and contrast the role that nationalism played in Italy, Germany and Austria in the years between 1848 and 1871. 2. To what extent was Otto von Bismarck successful in achieving his political goals by 1871? 3. How was the balance of power in Europe changed in the period 1848-1871? The Age of Mass Politics: 1871-1914 “Age of Mass Politics” German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm I Otto von Bismarck Kulturkampf Social Democratic Party (S.P.D.) Wilhelm II Third French Republic Paris Commune Chamber of Deputies Dreyfus Affair Emile Zola, “J’accuse!” Conservative Party Benjamin Disraeli Liberal Party William Gladstone Reform Bill of 1867, Reform Act of 1884 Fabian Society Independent Labor Party Parliament Act of 1911 Millicent Garrett Fawcett Emmeline Pankhurst Representation of the People Act, 1918 “Irish Question” Young Ireland Irish Home Rule “Eastern Question” “Sick Man of Europe” Pan-Slavism jingoism Congress of Berlin, 1878 Socialist Revisionism anarchy Alexander II Emancipation Act, 1861 Mirs Zemstvos Alexander III “Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Russification” pogroms Nicholas II Russo-Japanese War “Bloody Sunday” Revolution of 1905 Duma 1. What was the “age of mass politics?” How were government policies in western and central Europe impacted by mass politics during the period 1871-1914? 2. To what extent did liberalism achieve gains in each of the following countries between 1871 and 1914? England, France, Germany, Russia 3. To what extent were conservatives able to maintain power in the period 1871-1914? 4. Analyze the impact of socialism on European politics in the period 1871-1914. 5. Analyze the ways in which female suffrage movements sought to gain the franchise in England between 1890 and 1918. The New Imperialism: 1880-1914 “Old Imperialism” Belgian Congo Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) “New Imperialism” Leopold II Berlin British East India Company Dr. David Livingston Conference, 1884-85 Sepoy Mutiny, 1857-58 H. M. Stanley Cecil Rhodes Indian National Congress Social Darwinism, “survival of Boer War Indochina the fittest” Kruger Telegram Boxer Rebellion “White Man’s Burden” Algeria Russo-Japanese War Rudyard Kipling Opium Wars Karl Marx, Das Kapital “Scramble for Africa” Treaty of Nanking J. A. Hobson 1. Compare and contrast the “New Imperialism” of the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with the “Old Imperialism” of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 2. Analyze the causes of the “New Imperialism” between 1880 and 1914. What justifications did Europeans use for their acquisition of colonies? The Great War Triple Alliance Allies (Triple Entente) “splendid isolation” Western Front Anglo-Japanese Alliance Schlieffen Plan Anglo-German arms race Battle of the Marne, 1914 Triple Entente trench warfare Dreadnoughts Battle of Verdun, 1916Battle of Kruger Telegram the Somme, 1916 Second Moroccan Crisis, 1911 Erich Remarque, All Quiet on “sick man of Europe” the Western Front, 1929 Pan-Slavism new weapons Young Turks Eastern Front Balkan Wars Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1917 Archduke Franz Ferdinand Gallipoli campaign, 1915 Princip, “Black Hand” British naval blockade Kaiser Wilhelm II/“blank check” U-boats Central Powers Lusitania 1. Analyze major causes of World War I. 2. Analyze ways in which World War I altered European society. 3. How was the balance of power in Europe changed as a result of unrestricted submarine warfare “Total war”Georges Clemenceau Italia Irredenta (“unredeemed Italy”) Zimmerman Telegram Balfour Note, 1917 Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points “self-determination” Versailles Treaty Article 231 League of Nations John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, 1919 Easter Rebellion, 1916 World War I? The Russian Revolution Czar Alexander I Vladimir Lenin “Holy Alliance” Mensheviks Decembrist Uprising Bolsheviks Nicholas I Leon Trotsky Slavophiles February Revolution Westernizers Rasputin Alexander II Provisional Government Emancipation Act, 1861 Alexander Kerensky mirs Petrograd Soviet zemstvos Army Order No. 1 anarchy April Theses Mikhail Bakunin Kornilov Affair Alexander III October Revolution “Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Russification” Politburo pogroms Red Army Theodore Herzl, zionism Cheka Count S. Y. Witte Communist Party Nicholas II Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918 Russo-Japanese War Russian Civil War Treaty of Portsmouth Reds “Bloody Sunday” Whites Revolution of 1905 “war communism” October Manifesto Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Duma Peter Stolypin 1. Why did liberalism not take root in Russia between 1815 and 1917 when it played a major role in western and central Europe? 2. Analyze the major causes of the Russian Revolution. 3. Why did the Bolsheviks, who were a small minority, ultimately succeed in acquiring and maintaining power? The “Age of Anxiety”: 1914-1950 Friedrich Nietzsche “New Physics” Max Planck Henri Bergson Albert Einstein, theory of relativity Georges Sorel, syndicalism Ernest Rutherford Sigmund Freud, “ID” Werner Heisenberg Paul Valèry Bauhaus movement, Walter Gropius Ludwig Wittgenstein Pablo Picasso, Guernica Logical empiricism (logical positivism) Wassily Kandinsky Dadaism Oswald Spenger, Decline of the West Marcel Duchamp: The Fountain; L.H.O.O.Q. T. S. Eliot, “The Waste Land” Surrealism Erich Maria Remarque: All Quiet on the Salvador Dali Western Front Igor Stravinsky Franz Kafka Arnold Schönberg existentialism George Orwell, 1984; Animal Farm John-Paul Sartre Ayn Rand William Golding, Lord of the Flies Albert Camus 1. Analyze the ways in which World War I influenced European thought in the years between 1918 and 1939. 2. How is the “age of anxiety” reflected in philosophy, literature and art in the period 19141950? 3. How did science and psychology in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries challenge European assumptions of how the universe and society functioned? 4. Contrast art and entertainment during the first half of the twentieth century with art and entertainment in the last half of the nineteenth century. Democracies in the 1920s Weimar Republic Locarno Pact, “spirit of Locarno” Social Democratic Party (S.P.D.) Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928 “Spartacists” Representation of the People Act, 1928 “Freikorps” General Strike, 1926 Treaty of Versailles Labour Party Article 231 “Irish Question” John Maynard Keynes, Economic Consequences Sinn Fein of the Peace, 1919 Irish Republican Army (IRA) “stab in the back”; “diktat” Northern Ireland Ruhr Crisis, 1923 Stock Market Crash, 1929 reparations Great Depression Raymond Poincaré New Deal Gustave Stresemann Keynesian economics Beer Hall Putsch, 1923 Popular Front Dawes Plan 1. What were weaknesses of the Weimar Republic? How did different political groups seek to remedy these weaknesses? 2. Evaluate the strength of the economy in the 1920s for each of the following countries: Britain Germany France 4. Analyze how the Great Depression differed in its impact on various countries during the 1930s? Totalitarianism: c. 1920- 1940 totalitarianism conservative authoritarianism communism fascism Vladimir Lenin Marxist-Leninist philosophy Comintern war communism Cheka Kronstadt Rebellion New Economic Policy (NEP) USSR Joseph Stalin “socialism in one country” Leon Trotsky Five-Year Plans Collectivization kulaks Central Committee 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Politburo Mein Kampf, 1923 General Secretary “lebensraum” “Great Terror” Führer show trials Great Depression “Old Bolsheviks” Third Reich purges Reichstag fire gulag Joseph Goebbels Benito Mussolini, Il Duce Leni Riefenstal, Triumph Fascist party “Black Shirts” of the Will March on Rome “Night of Long Knives” corporate state S.S. Lateran Pact Heinrich Himmler Vatican Gestapo Weimar Republic Hitler Youth Nazism Nuremberg Laws Aryan race Kristallnacht National Socialist German Holocaust, “Final Solution” Workers Party (NAZI) S.A. (“Brown Shirts”) Beer Hall Putsch Compare and contrast conservative authoritarianism in Fascist Italy with totalitarianism in the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. To what extent did Lenin and Stalin adhere to the ideas of Karl Marx in governing the USSR between 1918 and 1940? Compare and contrast totalitarianism in the USSR and Nazi Germany. Compare and contrast totalitarianism in the 1920s and 1930s with absolutism in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. To what extent did the rise of fascism in Italy and Germany constitute a social revolution in each of those two countries? Analyze the extent to which women’s roles changed in the USSR, Italy and Germany in the years 1917 to 1940. World War II Treaty of Versailles Article 231 League of Nations Locarno Pact, 1925 Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928 Manchuria, 1931 Ethiopia, 1935 Spanish Civil War Francisco Franco Rome-Berlin Axis Rhineland, 1936 appeasement pacifism Anschluss, 1938 Sudetenland Munich Conference Neville Chamberlain Polish Corridor, Danzig Charles de Gaulle Tripartite Pact, 1940 Battle of Britain: RAF vs. Luftwaffe radar “lebensraum” “Great Patriotic War of the Fatherland” Atlantic Charter Lend-Lease Pearl Harbor Grand Alliance Holocaust Jewish ghettos Wannsee Conference “Final Solution” Auschwitz El Alamein Stalingrad D-Day German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Battle of the Bulge invasion of Poland Hiroshima, Nagasaki Blitzkrieg Tehran Conference, 1943 fall of France Yalta Conference, 1945 Vichy France Potsdam Conference, 1945 1. Analyze political, economic and diplomatic factors for the failure of peace after World War I. 2. Analyze military, economic and political reasons for Germany’s loss in WWII. 3. Analyzes the causes and results of WWII The Cold War and Nationalism 1945-2001 Tehran Conference Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference “Iron Curtain” speech West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) East Germany (German Democratic Republic) Truman Doctrine containment Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift, 1948-49 NATO Warsaw Pact hydrogen bomb “massive retaliation” Eastern Bloc Joseph Stalin gulags Josip Broz Tito Nikita Khrushchev De-stalinization 20th Party Congress speech Gosplan Boris Pasternak, Dr. Zhivago Aleksandr Solzenitsyn, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Hungarian Uprising, 1956 “Peaceful Coexistence” Austrian independence Geneva Conference, 1955 Sputnik “space race” U-2 incident Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis Leonid Brezhnev “Prague Spring” “socialism with a human face” Alexander Dubcek Brezhnev Doctrine Willy Brandt Ostpolitik détente Salt I Helsinki Conference Soviet invasion of Afghanistan Solidarity Pope John Paul II Lech Walesa Atlantic Alliance Margaret Thatcher Helmut Kohl Ronald Reagan Mikhail Gorbachev glasnost perestroika INF Treaty, 1987 START Treaty, 1990 Revolutions of 1989 German reunification Vaclav Havel, “Velvet Revolution” Romania, Nicolai Ceaucescu fall of Soviet Union Boris Yeltsin Chechnya Vladimir Putin De-colonization India, Gandhi Dien Bien Phu Egypt Algeria British Commonwealth of Nations Mao Mao Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic Croatia Slovenia Bosnia-Herzegovina ethnic cleansing Dayton Agreements Kosovo Irish Republican Army (IRA) Basques, ETA “guest workers” 1. Identify and analyze factors that were responsible for the onset of the Cold War. 2. Analyze the ways in which the Soviet Union was able to maintain control of the Eastern Bloc nations in the period between 1945 and 1988. 3. Identify and analyze reasons for the decline of communism and Soviet influence in eastern Europe between 1968 and 1989. 4. Identify and analyze long-term causes for the fall of the Soviet Union? 5. “Western liberalism won the Cold War.” Assess the validity of this statement. 6. Identify and analyze factors that led to the de-colonization of Europe’s empires in Africa and Asia. 7. Analyze the ways in which nationalism played a major role in European affairs between 1945 and 2001. 8. To what extent was nationalism the dominant force in eastern Europe between 1989 and 2001? Economic Recovery and European Unity: 1945-2001 Bretton Woods Conference, 1944 “the Six” GATT European Economic Community (EEC), International Monetary Fund (IMF) “Common Market” World Bank Treaty of Rome, 1957 United Nations Euratom Security Council COMECON General Assembly French Fifth Republic Christian Democrats European Union (EU) Charles de Gaulle Maastricht Treaty, 1991 French Fourth Republic Euro dollar, euro Catholic Party oil crisis Clement Attlee OPEC Labour Party “stagflation” Conrad Adenaur Francois Mitterand “economic miracle” “Big Science” Keynesian economics Sputnik Jean Monnet space race Ludwig Erhard Yuri Gagarin “welfare state” “Brain Drain”, The American Challenge mixed economy consumerism Margaret Thatcher Counter-Culture “guest workers” French student revolt, 1968 Council of Europe women’s rights movement European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Simone de Beauvoir Schuman Plan Second Vatican Council (Vatican II) 1. Analyze the factors that resulted in the “economic miracle.” 2. Account for the rise of the “welfare state” in Europe after World War II. What were some of the challenges to the “welfare” state in the late-twentieth century? 3. Analyze changes in European family patterns after World War II. 4. What factors led to the rise of the middle class after World War II? 5. To what extent had women’s movements achieved their objectives by the late-twentieth century?
