Download Diversity in Living Organisms Introduction Every organism whether

Diversity in Living Organisms
Introduction
Every organism whether plant or animal is unique in itself. There is a wide diversity in
the flora (plants) and fauna (animals) in the world.
Importance of Classification
By making a comparative study and assorting the similarities and differences amongst
the various varieties of species, organisms can be classified into groups or sets.
Nomenclature
Carl Linnaeus, father of modern botany, was a Swedish naturalist who laid the
foundation of modern classification and nomenclature in 1758.
Classification of Plants and Animals
Cellulose cell wall surrounds the cell membrane.Cell wall is absent in animal cells.
Plant Kingdom
The plant body is not differentiated into stem, root and leaves but is in the form of an
undivided thallus.
Animal Kingdom
The Animal Kingdom is divided in several phyla mainly on the basis of the cell
organisation, symmetry, presence or absence of notochord and body cavity.
Phylum Protozoa (Primitive Animals)
Unicellular (single celled) animals.Nutrition is heterotropic.
Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
The simplest multicellular animals. The cells are loosely held together and do not form
tissues.
Phylum Coelenterata (Cridaria)
The simplest multicellular animals. The cells are loosely held together and do not form
tissues
Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
Simplest triploblastic organisms showing bilateral symmetry.Mostly parasites in other
animals.
Phylum Aschelminthes (Round or Thread Worm)
Mostly parasites in other animals.Parasitic or free living.
Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms)
Body is covered by a non-chintinous cuticle which may have chitinous setae, or
parapodia.
Phylum Arthropoda (Animals with Jointed Legs)
Body is bilaterally symmetrical and segmented. It is divided into head, thorax and
abdomen.
Phylum Mollusca
Body is soft and divided into three regions (head, dorsal visceral mass and ventral foot).
Phylum Echinodermata
Body is radially symmetrical, star shaped, spherical or elongate, Exoskeleton is spiny.
Phylum Hemichordata
Have characteristics of both invertebrate and chordate.
Phylum Chordata
Phylum Chordata is characterized by three unique features, at least during the early
stages of their development.
Question (1): What is the necessity of classification of organisms?
Answer: Organic evolution has been taking place for 3.5 billion years. It is
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impossible to study every living organism from an individual level.
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Therefore, classification is necessary to facilitate easy study of organisms.
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Question (2): Give an example to illustrate how taxonomy is used in
Subject
biological sciences.
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Answer: The science of biogeography (geographical distribution of plant
and animals) is dependent on information supplied by classification.
Question (3): What is 'Binomial Nomenclature'?
Answer: The kind of naming in which each name has two components is
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called Binomial Nomenclature.
Question (4): What is the scientific name for human beings? (Seperate the
components)
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Answer: Homo sapiens.
Homo - generic name
sapiens - specific name (species name).
Question (5): Give two common features of plants.
Answer:
They are stationary
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tissues gravitation Valence Shell
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Respiration photosynthesis online math
They trap the sun's energy to make food.
Question (6): Name two kingdom systems.
Answer:
Plant kingdom
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Animal kingdom
Diversity in Living Organisms
Question (7): Explain the name of cryptogamae.
 Introduction
Answer: Crypto - hidden
 Importance of Classification
Gamous - marriage
 Nomenclature
These plants do not have external flowers or seeds and hence, are
 Classification of Plants and Animals
considered to have hidden reproductive organs.
 Plant Kingdom
Question (8): Give some example of class amphibia.
Answer: Rana (frog), Bufo (toad), Hyla (tree frog) and Necturus are some
 Animal Kingdom
examples of class amphibia.
 Phylum Protozoa (Primitive Animals)
Question (9): Why are fungi called heterotrophic?
 Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Answer: Fungi are non-green. They obtain their food either from organic
 Phylum Coelenterata (Cridaria)
matter or from other living organisms. Hence, they are heterotrophic.
 Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
Question (10): To which category do ferns belong?
Answer: In the plant kingdom, ferns fall under the division pteridophyta of
the sub-kingdom crypotogamae. That is

Phylum Aschelminthes (Round or
Thread Worm)
 Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms)

Phylum Arthropoda (Animals with
Jointed Legs)
 Phylum Mollusca
 Phylum Echinodermata
 Phylum Hemichordata
 Phylum Chordata
Question (11): Draw a typical flowering plant and label the parts.
 Question and Answers
Answer:
 Multiple Choice Questions
Question (12): Differentiate between oviparous and viviparous animals.
Answer: Oviparous animals are egg laying animals.
Viviparous animals are those animals whose female gives birth to young
ones.
Question (13): Explain the term 'triploblastic'.
Answer: The term triploblastic signifies that tissues are differentiated from
3 embryonic germ layers but without body cavity.
Question (14): What is haemocoel?
Answer: Phylum Arthropoda (of animal kingdom) have reduced body
cavity which is filled with blood called haemocoel.
Question (15): How do phylum mollusca breathe?
Answer: In the Phylum mollusca respiration is through gills called ctenidia.
Question (16): State any two features of animals.
Answer:
Animals generally move
They depend on other plants or animals for food.
Question (17): Which is the largest phylum of animal kingdom?
Answer: The largest phylum of the animal kingdom is phylum arthropoda.
Question (18): What is the advantage of taxonomy?
Answer: Taxonomy is a branch of biological science that makes the study
of organisms easier.
Question (19): Name the two components of the scientific name of every
organism.
Answer: Genus and species are the two components of the scientific
name of every organism.
Question (20): Define classification.
Answer: It is the arrangement of organisms into groups based on
similarities or differences, which also show their relationships.
Question (21): Give the difference between plant and animal cells.
Answer: Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall and possess
chloroplasts. Animals cells have neither cell wall nor chlorophyll.
Question (22): What are the two sub-kingdoms of plant kingdom?
Answer:
Cryptogamae
Phanerogamae
Question (23): Give two features of division thallophyta.
Answer:
Vascular system is absent
Reproductive organs are single celled
Question (24): Give two features of division bryophyta.
Answer:
Plant body is flat and lacks true leaves.
True vascular system is absent.
Question (25): Give two features of pteridophyta.
Answer:
Plant body is made of stem, leaves and roots.
Vascular system is present.
Question (26): What is the difference between gymnospermae and
angiospermae?
Answer:
In Gymnosperms, seeds are not enclosed in fruits.
In Angiosperms, seeds are enclosed by a fruit.
Question (27): Name some single celled organisms.
Answer: Amoeba, Euglena, Paramocium, and Plasmodium are some
single celled organisms.
Question (28): To which sub-kingdom do hydra and corals belong?
Answer: Hydra and corals belong to the phylum cnidaria (coelenterata).
Question (29): Draw an amoeba and name the parts.
Answer:
Question (30): What is the difference between polyps and medusae?
Answer: Polyps are coelenterates which lead solitary or colonial life but
are always fixed, but medusae are coelenterates that are free swimming.
Question (31): Describe a mollusca.
Answer:
Mollusca has soft, unsegmented body.
Body is divided into 3 regions: head, dorsal visceral mass and ventral
foot.
The outer surface is covered by a hard shell.
Question (32): What is the difference between class Reptilia and class
Aves with respect to habitat?
Answer: Class Aves are found all over the world while class Reptalia is
found in mostly terrestrial and warmer regions.
Question (33): Give two features of sub-phylum urochordata.
Answer:
Pharynx has several gill slits.
Body is unsegmented and usually adults lack a tail.
Question (34): What are the characteristics of phylum chordata?
Answer:
Presence of notochord at some stage of life.
Presence of hollow dorsal nerve cord.
Gill slits at some stage of life.
Tail behind and opening.
Question (35): Give two features of sub-phylum vertebrata.
Answer:
Heart is well differentiated.
Nervous system and endoskeleton is highly developed.
Question (36): Give some example of class amphibia.
Answer: Rana (frog), Bufo (toad), Hyla (tree frog) and Necturus are some
examples of class amphibia.
Question (1): The science of classification is called
1. demography
2. taxonomy
3. biology
4. none of the above
Ans: 2
Question (2): Homo: generic name :: sapiens: ________.
1. species name
2. human name
3. division name
4. organism name
Ans: 1
Question (3): Who is the Father of Taxonomy?
1. Carolus Linnaeus
2. Eichler
3. E.H. Haeckel
4. Robert Whittaker
Ans: 1
Question (4): Radial symmetry is found in _________.
1. protozoa
2. coelenterata
3. flatworms
4. arthropoda
Ans: 2
Question (5): Protochordates consist of _______ and _______.
1. urochordata and cephalochordata
2. urochordata and vertebrata
3. cephalochordata and vertebrata
4. none of the above
Ans: 1
Question (6): Sub-phylum urochordata includes _____.
1. amphibians
2. marine animals
3. terrestrial animals
4. all of the above
Ans: 2
Question (7): The class Aves have all the following features except that their
1. fore limbs are modified into wings
2. respiration is not through lungs
3. heart is 4 chambered
4. skeleton is light
Ans: 2
Question (8): In phylum Aschelminthes, the alimentary canal is
1. complete
2. incomplete
3. not present
4. none of the above
Ans: 1
Question (9): An example of phylum Echinodermata is
1. prawn
2. starfish
3. octopus
4. apis
Ans: 2
Question (10): Chondrichthyes are also called
1. cartilaginous fish
2. bony fish
3. lamprey
4. creeping vertebrates
Ans: 1
Question (11): Binomial nomenclature was introduced by
1. John Ray
2. A. P. de Candolle
3. A. L. de Jussien
4. Carolus Linnaeus
Ans: 4
Question (12): A group of freely inter-breeding organisms constitutes a
1. species
2. genera
3. family
4. class
Ans: 1
Question (13): Which taxonomic term may be substituted for any rank in the classification?
1. Class
2. Genus
3. Species
4. Taxon
Ans: 4
Question (14): In Whittaker's classification, unicellular organisms are grouped under
1. protista
2. porifera
3. fungi
4. protozoa
Ans: 1
Question (15): The algal partner of a lichen is called
1. mycobiont
2. phycobiont
3. both A and B
4. none of the above
Ans: 2
Question (16): 'Venus flower basket' is the dried skeleton of
1. euspongia
2. euplectella
3. spongilla
4. leucosolenia
Ans: 2
Question (17): Choanocytes are unique to
1. protozoa
2. porifera
3. mollusca
4. echinodermata
Ans: 2
Question (18): Mesoglea is characteristic of
1. platyhelminthes
2. aschelminthes
3. cnidaria
4. mollusca
Ans: 3
Question (19): In platyhelminthes, the excretory organs are
1. nephridia
2. malpighian tubules
3. flame cells (solenocytes)
4. green glands
Ans: 3
Question (20): The body cavity of arthropoda is
1. pseudocoel
2. coelom
3. haemocoel
4. acoelom
Ans: 3
Question (21): Respiration in arthropods occurs through
1. gills
2. book lungs
3. trachea
4. all the above
Ans: 4
Question (22): Spiders and scorpions are
1. insects
2. millipedes
3. arachnids
4. crustaceans
Ans: 3
Question (23): Hag fish is the common name of
1. octopus
2. balanoglossus
3. myxine
4. peteromyzon
Ans: 3
Question (24): Elasmobranchs do not have
1. placoid scales
2. gill-slits
3. notochord
4. operculum
Ans: 4
Question (25): What is the scientific name of the National bird of India?
1. Psittacula eupatra
2. Passer domesticus
3. Pavo cristatus
4. Corvus splendens
Ans: 3
Question (26): Birds differ from bats in absence of
1. homeothermy
2. four-chambered heart
3. tracheae
4. diaphragm
Ans: 4