Download Unit 10 ~ Reconstruction Review

Reconstruction Review
Robert E. Lee’s surrender to Ulysses S. Grant at ______________ Courthouse in _____________
ended the Civil War. When the Civil War ended in _______, Reconstruction began and lasted until
_______. Reconstruction was the federal government’s plan to ________ and _____________ the
states of the former ______________. In other words, during Reconstruction the federal government
tried to rebuild the _________ and restore the _________ after the Civil War. Reconstruction had at
least three results. First, Southern whites held a grudge against both ______________ and
_______________, because they blamed them for the South’s war-time devastation and poverty. Second,
at the end of Reconstruction _________ regained complete control of the South. Third, the political gains
made by former slaves during Reconstruction were_____________.
President Abraham Lincoln favored a mild Reconstruction plan. Lincoln argued that since secession
was _________, the Southern states had never really ________ the Union. Therefore, Lincoln believed
Reconstruction was a matter of the president quickly __________ state governments, which were
_________ to the Union. President Lincoln did / did not want to punish the South after the Civil War. He
did /did not want to reunify the nation as quickly as possible. In his second inaugural address Lincoln
expressed these ideas when he said, “With __________ towards _______, with _________ for all…let us
_________ up the nation’s __________….”
A few days after Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, John Wilkes Booth _______________ Abraham
Lincoln. Vice President __________ ___________ succeeded Lincoln as President of the United States.
Since President Johnson, like Lincoln, believed the executive branch should control Reconstruction, the new
president quickly clashed with the __________ _____________. The Radical Republicans wanted to
___________ the South for ___________ the Civil War. Since they believed the Southern states had
actually left the Union when they seceded, the ____________ _______________ believed Congress had
the constitutional right to control Reconstruction. The Radical Republicans soon gained control of Congress
and passed a Reconstruction policy that included the ____________ occupation of the South and an
insistence on __________ _________ for African-Americans. The term military occupation meant the
Southern states would be under the rule of the __. __. _________.The Radical Republicans completely
disagreed with ___________ __________ on the issue of civil rights for ____________. Freedmen
were the ___________ __________. After President Johnson tried to block the Radicals’ program on
behalf of the freedmen, the Radical Republicans ______________ him.
Impeachment is the process of bringing an official to ______ for __________ in office. Under
the Constitution, the act of _______________ means only that formal charges have been brought against
an official and does/does not necessarily mean the official will removed from office. Impeachment is one
of the checks the legislative branch has on the power of the executive branch. The Constitution provides
that the __________ of _______________ alone may impeach or bring formal charges against a
president, while only the ___________ can remove the impeached president from office. The Senate
holds the power or removal, because it sits as the jury at the _____________’s impeachment trial. If
___-______ of the senators vote to convict the president, then he is removed from office. The Radical
Republicans failed to remove _________ __________ from the presidency by a single vote in the United
States Senate.
Nevertheless, the impeachment of President Johnson weakened his presidency and enabled the
__________ _____________ to pass most of their Reconstruction program into law. This program
included the ____, the ____, and the _____ Amendments to the United States Constitution. These three
amendments formed the major political results of ______________. The Thirteenth Amendment
abolished ___________. The Fourteenth Amendment granted American ___________ to AfricanAmericans. It also guaranteed all Americans “_______ ____________ of the laws.” The Fifteenth
Amendment gave African-American males the right to _______.
Reconstruction also had important social and economic results. First, the Civil War had
_____________ the Southern states. Throughout the South, ________, railroads, and ___________
were destroyed during the war. ____________ money was now worthless, and the cities of
____________ and _________ lay in ruins. The Civil War had also changed the source of labor in the
Southern states, because many ______ _____ had died during the war, and ___________ had ended.
Consequently, the South remained the __________ section of the United States for decades to come.
Second, because of the manufacturing necessary to support the Northern war machine, the North and
Midwest had developed strong ___________ economies. This growth in industry contributed to the
________________ of the entire nation, except the ________, during the second half of the nineteenth
century. As a result, by the beginning of the twentieth century, the United States had become a
__________ ____________ power. Third, soon after the Civil War ended, the first _______________
railroad was completed at Promontory, Utah. Since, by definition, the term transcontinental means
________ a _____________,
this railroad linked the __________ and ___________ coasts of the United States by an efficient means
of transportation. The transcontinental railroad also stimulated (encouraged) the ____________
movement of settlers in to the states between the ______________ River and the ___________ Ocean.
After the Civil War, both Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant urged _____________ between the
North and the South. This meant the leading general for each side during the Civil War wanted to bring
together and increase understanding between the two recently warring regions. Grant also urged Radical
Republicans not to be harsh with former ______________. Ulysses S. Grant won election as
___________ in 1868 and served in that office during most of the _______________ period. During his
presidency, Grant supported civil and voting rights for the ___________ and opposed retribution or
payback directed at the defeated __________. Robert E. Lee encouraged _____________ to reconcile
with the North and rejoin the Union after the Civil War. Lee moved to Lexington, Virginia, where he
became president of Washington College, now known as _____________ & _______ University. In this
position as a college president Robert E. Lee emphasized the importance of _____________ to the future
of the United States.
_____________ ____________ became the leading national spokesman for African-Americans
after the Civil War. During Reconstruction, Douglass argued for _____ __________ for AfricanAmericans and adoption of the ____th and ____th Amendments. He also encouraged __________
_____________ actions to protect the rights of the freedmen in the South. Later in his career,
Frederick Douglass served as the American ambassador to _______ and held other _______ in the
federal civil service. _______ __________ jobs are government jobs.
In the 1876 presidential election neither candidate won a clear majority of electoral votes. Under
the Constitution, electoral votes are the _________ votes for president. One candidate must win a
___________ of the electoral votes in order to win a presidential election. Therefore, the
_____________ votes are the official votes for president. The number of electoral votes each state has
equals its number of members in the _________ of ___________ plus ______ for its United States
senators.
The disputed election of 1876 led to the end of Reconstruction. In 1877 a group of Southern
__________ made a deal with ____________ leaders. This deal was called the _____________ of
________. Under the terms of this compromise, Southern Democrats agreed to accept the election of
the Republican presidential candidate Rutherford B. Hayes in return for an end to Reconstruction, including
the withdrawal of federal __________ from the South.
Reconstruction's end returned former ______________ to power in the Southern states. These
former Confederates controlled the _____________ Party, which became the dominant political party
throughout the Southern states. The Republican Party was so weak in the Southern states and the
Democrats so strong that the region became known as the "Solid South." This term meant the Southern
states would consistently vote for ____________ candidates in state, local, and national elections
The end of Reconstruction also led to the rise of the "_______ ________ Era."
This was the period in American history when Southern states required ________
_____________ in public schools, transportation, and other public facilities. Racial segregation is defined
as _____________ of the races. As a result of the passage of "Jim Crow" laws, Southern AfricanAmericans lost most of the political gains made during _______________. For example, few AfricanAmericans in the South were allowed to _______ or serve on _________. In short, after Reconstruction
ended, most African-Americans, who lived in the ________, were denied the full rights of American
citizenship until the mid-1960s.