Download Matter in Motion Notes (Chapter 5)

Matter in Motion Notes (Chapter 5)
1. When watching the movement of one object in relation to another non-moving object, the non-moving
object is called the ________________________________.
2. Give two examples of good reference points.
3. The formula for calculating average speed is:
average speed = _______________÷_____________.
4. A graph showing average speed would have ____________________ on one axis and
__________________ on the other.
5. Kira jogs to a store 72 m away in a time of 36 s. What is Kira’s average speed?
6. If two birds leave the same tree at the same time and both fly at 10 km/h for 5 minutes, 12 km/h for 8
minutes, and 5 km/h for 10 minutes, why don’t they end up at the same place?
7. The main difference between speed and velocity is that velocity must include a __________________.
8. An object’s velocity changes if either its _______________________ or _______________________
changes.
9. When you combine two velocities that are _______________________________________________,
add them together to find the resultant velocity.
10. When you combine two velocities that are _______________________________________________,
subtract the smaller velocity from the larger velocity to find the resultant velocity. The resultant
velocity is in the direction of the larger velocity.
11. An increase in velocity is called _______________________________________. A decrease in
velocity is called ___________________________________________or ______________________.
12. What is the relationship between velocity and acceleration?
13. Average acceleration = (____________________ - ___________________)÷__________________
14. Continuous acceleration or the acceleration that occurs in circular motion is known as
_______________________ __________________________.
15. All forces have both ____________________ and _________________________.
16. Any time you see a change in motion, you can be sure that the change was created by a
___________________.
17. List three examples of force acting on an object.
18. How do you determine the net force on an object if all forces act in the same direction?
19. How do you determine the net force on an object if the forces act in different directions?
20. When the forces on an object produce a net force of 0 N, the forces are said to be
___________________________.
21. Why doesn’t gravity pulling on a hanging light fixture cause it to crash to the ground?
22. When the forces on an object produce a net force that does not equal 0 N, the forces are said to be
____________________________________.
23. __________________________ _______________________ produce a change in motion. These
forces are required to get a nonmoving object to start moving or to change the speed or direction of an
object already in motion.
24. Friction occurs because the surface of any object is __________________________. Even smooth
surfaces are covered with microscopic ___________________ and _____________________.
25. Two factors that impact the amount of friction between objects are ____________________________
and ________________________________________________.
26. There are two types of friction __________________________ and __________________________.
27. __________________________ friction is the friction between moving surfaces.
28. Sliding kinetic friction and rolling kinetic friction are both types friction found in moving surfaces.
Which of the two has a greater force, making it harder to move the object?
29. ________________________ friction occurs when a force is added to an object but does not cause the
object to move.
30. Give on example of how friction is harmful and one example of how friction is helpful.
31. List three ways to reduce friction.
32. List two ways to increase friction.
33. All matter is affected by _______________________________.
34. ___________________________ _____________________________ pulls all objects toward each
other.
35. Why must you exert a force to pick up an object?
36. Write down the law of universal gravitation.
37. Gravitational force increases as ____________________________ increases.
38. Gravitational force decreases as ____________________________ increases.
39. How is gravitational force related to the weight of an object?