Download Molecular Model Lab

Molecular Model Lab
AP Chemistry
Name: ______________________
Partner: ______________________
Date: ______
ORGANIC COMPOUND CLASSES/FAMILIES:
alkanes – saturated hydrocarbons (saturated with hydrogen, thus all single C-C bonds.
alkenes – unsaturated hydrocarbons (contain some double, C= C bonds
alkynes – unsaturated hydrocarbons (contain some triple, C=C bonds)
organic acids “carboxylic acids” – contain carboxyl, –COOH, groups
O
R = any carbon
||
chain
R- C – O – H
ex. CH3COOH
ethers – have an oxygen between two carbon chains e.g. CH3 – O – CH2CH3
R – O – R’
amines – contain amino, -NH2, groups ex. CH3NH2
R – NH2
alcohols – contain hydroxyl, -OH, groups Ex. CH3CH2OH
R-OH
esters –
O
||
R - C – O – R’
Alkane Naming
# C’s Name
1
methane
2
ethane
3
propane
4
butane
5
pentane
6
hexane
7
heptane
8
octane
9
nonane
10
decane
PART A –Draw Lewis structures for each of the following PRIOR to coming to class. In class build
each molecule. Name the geometry and draw a 3-dimensional sketch of the molecule
indicating the angles. Draw the dipole moment that correlate with each 3D sketch. If there is
no dipole moment write none”.
SPECIES
CH4
CH2Cl2
LEWIS STRUCTURE
GEOMETRY
(name & draw a
3D sketch
w/angles)
POLARITY
(draw arrow to
show dipole
moment that
correlates with 3-D
sketch)
ISOMERS?
(yes or no)
If yes draw one.
Family/
Class?
If not an Organic
Compound, write
NA
SPECIES
LEWIS STRUCTURE
GEOMETRY
(name & draw a
3D sketch
w/angles)
POLARITY
(draw arrow to
show dipole
moment that
correlates with
3-D sketch)
ISOMERS?
(yes or no)
Family/
Class?
CH4O
H2O
NA
HF
NA
NH3
NA
H2O2
NA
N2
NA
P4
NA
SO2
NA
CH3OH
SPECIES
C2H6
(ethane)
C2H4
(ethene)
C2H2
(ethyne)
C2H2Br2
SO42-
CO2
Pentane
2-pentene
Note: The 2indicates that the
double bond is on
the 2nd carbon.)
1-pentyne
LEWIS STRUCTURE
GEOMETRY
(name & draw a
3D sketch
w/angles)
POLARITY
(draw arrow to
show dipole
moment that
correlates with
3-D sketch)
ISOMERS?
(yes or no)
Family/
Class?
PART B –Draw Lewis structures for each of the following. Predict the stability of each molecule
(stable or unstable).
PCl3
CH3
OH
CO
Stability ____________
Stability ____________
Stability ____________
Stability ____________
Part C – More Organic Compounds – Complete this DURING class or as a post-lab assignment.
The idea behind this section is to learn how organic compounds are named as well as their structures.
Draw Lewis structures for each of the following. In class build each molecule if you have time.
Name the geometry around each carbon.
SPECIES
Lewis Structure
(Name the geometry around each carbon.)
Hint: All carbons have FOUR bonds.
(You do NOT need to write in 3D. Just a Lewis Structure is sufficient.)
ethanol
2-propanol
(isopropyl alcohol)
Note: The 2- indicates that
the alcohol group is on the 2nd
carbon.)
acetic acid
Note: Acetic acid is the
common name for ethanoic
acid
methylamine
Family/ Class?
SPECIES
Lewis Structure
(label all angles)
Family/ Class?
butanoic acid
Aldehyde
C3H7COOCH3
(I don’t expect you to know
this family)
CH3COCH2CN
CH3OCH2COOH
Aldehyde
CH3CH2CHO
Methanol
dimethyl amine
(Hint: This means there are
two separate methyl groups.
There will not be two
hydrogens on the nitrogen.)
(I don’t expect you to know
this family)
Extra Credit: Draw all the isomers for the following compounds.
1) C2H2Cl2 (There are 3) Hint: Double bonds cannot rotate.
2) C5H12 (there are 3)
3) C5H10 (there are 9) Hint: use double bonds OR cyclic structures
4) C5H8 (there are 11) Hint: use double bonds OR cyclic structures