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Chapter 10 Objectives and Key Terms Photosynthesis General Comment: Chapter 10 tells us about how plants make oxygen and sugar so many other organisms can live. It is very “cellular” in nature in terms of know the cellular physiology that occurs so sugars can be made. Different adaptations by plants to their environments are also discussed. Note: Bold objectives are listed by Campbell as the College Board Performance Objectives. Objectives Photosynthesis in Nature 1. Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. 2. Distinguish between photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs. 3. Describe the structure of chloroplasts and indicate their locations within plant cells. Describe where most chloroplasts are located in a leaf. 4. Explain how chloroplast structure relates to its function. 5. Write a summary equation for photosynthesis. The Pathways of Photosynthesis 6. Explain van Niel's hypothesis and describe how it contributed to our current understanding of photosynthesis. 7. Explain the role of redox reactions in photosynthesis. 8. Describe in general the two main stages of photosynthesis. 9. Describe the wavelike and particle-like behaviors of light. 10. Describe the relationship between an action spectrum and an absorption spectrum. 11. Explain why the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll differs from the action spectrum for photosynthesis. 12. List the wavelengths of light that are most effective for photosynthesis. 13. Explain what happens when chlorophyll or accessory pigments absorb photons. 14. List the components of a photosystem and explain their functions. Science as a Process 15. Trace electron flow through photosystems II and I. 16. Compare cyclic and noncyclic electron flow and explain the relationship between these components of the light reactions. 17. Describe important differences in chemiosmosis between oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photophosphorylation in chloroplasts. 18. Summarize the carbon-fixing reactions of the Calvin cycle and describe changes that occur in the carbon skeletons of intermediates. 19. Describe the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle. Page 1 of 2 1 Chapter10: Campbell 6th ed. 20. Describe what happens to rubisco when the O2 concentration is much higher than CO2. 21. Describe the major consequences of photorespiration. 22. Describe two important photosynthetic adaptations that minimize photorespiration. 23. Describe the fate of photosynthetic products. College Board Performance Objectives 1. Explain how photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy. 2. Describe how the chemical products of the light-trapping reactions coupled to the synthesis of carbohydrates. 3. Explain the kinds of photosynthetic adaptations that have evolved in response to different environmental conditions. 4. Explain what interactions exist between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. College Board Lab Objectives: 1. Conduct chromatography to separate two or more compounds that are initially present in a mixture and calculate their Rf values. 2. Design a lab that tests the relationship between light wavelength or light intensity or temperature and photosynthetic rate. 3. Explain why the rate of photosynthesis varies under different environmental conditions. Key Terms photosynthesis autotroph heterotroph action spectrum mesophyll C3 plant photorespiration C4 plant Bundle-sheath cell carbon fixation wavelength electromagnetic spectrum visible light spectrophotometer absorption spectrum chlorophyll a chlorophyll stomata light reactions Calvin cycle NADP+ photophosphorylation photosystem I photosystem II noncyclic electron flow photon cyclic photophosphorylation glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate chlorophyll b rubisco carotenoids photosystems reaction center primary electron acceptor mesophyll cell PEP carboxylase crassulacean acid metabolism CAM plants cyclic electron flow -troph electromeso- chloromagnetphoto- Word Roots auto-phyll hetero- Page 2 of 2 self leaf other food electricity middle 2 green magnetic light Chapter10: Campbell 6th ed.