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Global Studies I
Mr. Mintzes
Midterm Review Sheet
Midterm: Monday, January 25, 2010 – 10:20 – 12:20
THIS IS A VERY BASIC REVIEW SHEET. YOU SHOULD STUDY YOUR NOTES
AND READINGS AND PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE UNIT OUTLINES
YOU WERE EITHER GIVEN, OR WHICH ARE POSTED ON THE WEBSITE.
There will be questions on the following topics so you should make sure you study and review
these topics and subjects from this semester.
1.
Introduction to Global Studies
The difference between a fact and an opinion.
The study of history: The study of history clearly indicates that most of the events of
the present have roots in the past
2.
Geography: What is a continent, a delta, a peninsula and an archipelago?
Geography: What is the impact of geography on civilization, specifically the growth and
development? Also, where do people live and why do they live in certain areas.
3.
Neolithic Revolution: changes brought about when human began to form societies and
early civilizations – from hunter/gatherers/nomads to farmers, etc. – people began to
specialize – animals were domesticated.
4.
Early civilizations developed in river valleys in Egypt, Fertile Crescent, Indus River
Valley and China – fertile land – annual flooding. People learned how to adjust for the
floods – used the river to irrigate farmland.
5.
Early civilizations developed writing – worshipped many gods – were similar in that way
6.
Hammurabi’s Code – first written body of laws – was harsh – also recognized that
divisions existed between the social classes. Harsher rules for the poor and lower
class.
7.
Chinese ethnocentrism brought about by geographic isolation from rest of the ancient
world. Chinese believed they were superior to other people – mostly because they were
separated from them. Chinese thought they were center of world – did not know there
were other civilization.
Chinese civilization grew up in River Valleys – Yellow River – Yangtze River – same
reasons as Egypt, Indus Valley and Mesopotamia.
Major beliefs systems of ancient China: Confucianism (based on the teachings of
Confucius), Taoism and Legalism (REVIEW THE BASIC BELIEFS OF
CONFUCIANISM, TAOISM AND LEGALISM)
Chinese dynasties: Mandate of Heaven – Dynastic Cycle
Terrra-cotta Army, Great Wall of China
Mongols and later Chinese Dynasties:
Mongol invasions and Mongol rule of China
Temjun – Genghis Khan and Mongol spread through Asia and into Europe
Ming and Manchu Dynasties
8.
India and Indus River Valley Civilizations
Advanced civilizations –Mohenjodaro, and Harrapan – disappeared suddenly
Aryans – Indo-European people from Central Asia invaded India – brought Caste
system to India.
Caste system still exists today – major part of Indian society – related to religion Hinduism
Hinduism: earliest religion in India – spread through India – belief in many gods and
deities, not one God like western religions. Believe in reincarnation – stress attainment
of a better life through spiritual rebirth in next life.
Buddhism: started in India by Gautama Siddhartha (Buddha) – share many beliefs with
Hinduism. Buddhists, like Hindus, believe in reincarnation – stress attainment of a
better life through spiritual rebirth in next life. Eightfold Path
9.
Three Main Western Religions:
Judaism – Christianity -- Islam – all three are Monotheistic
first Monotheistic religion – Abraham is considered the “founder”
Jewish bible is the Old Testament – dietary laws similar to Islam (no
pork) Sabbath is Saturday
Christianity: based on teachings of Jesus – Disciples spread his teachings – their
writings became the Gospels – Christian bible is New Testament.
Islam:
founded by Muhammad in 7th Century CE in what is now Saudi Arabia –
Holy City is Mecca – Monotheistic – worship Allah (God) – Bible is the
Koran – Koran also contains “instructions” for Muslims on how to live
their lives.
Five Pillars of Islam – study and learn – Islam spread quickly through
North Africa, Asia Minor and into Europe.
Judaism:
10.
Greece and Rome – influences on future civilizations and legacies left for future
civilizations and societies Government, Philosophy, Epic Poetry, Theatre (Comedy
and Drama), History, Olympics, Architecture, Science and Math
Religion: Greek gods and goddesses – lived on Mt. Olympus – had human characteristics
and took human form
Greece:
Athens establishes democracy – contributes philosophy and government as well as law
to civilization. Allows citizens the right to vote and have voice in government.
Philosophers: Socrates, Plato & Aristotle – began the study of philosophy – remember
Socratic method of teaching
Homer: wrote epic poems about Trojan Wars (Iliad and Odyssey) – poems talked about
honor, virtue, courage, character, etc.
.
Sports: Greeks invented the Olympics – athletes were heroes – honored by their citystates
Roman government – a republic – type of government in the US –
Romans leave a legacy of LAWS (The 12 Tables & The Law of Nations) as well as
advances in building materials such as concrete.
Romans worshipped many gods, same as the Greeks but with different names.
Let conquered peoples become citizens of Rome – also tolerated other religions
Other Roman legacies: Aqueducts, the Dome, Roman roads – “All roads lead to Rome”
– the way they were built.
Rome adopts Christianity as the official religion – Constantine was first Emperor to
convert to Christianity (he was the first Christian Emperor) and Theodosius makes it
the official religion of Rome
Diocletian divided Roman Empire into Western and Eastern empires to make the empire
easier to govern and defend.
Roman Empire declines and falls for a number of reasons: among them was political
corruption and instability in the government
After Rome falls – a period of disorder and weak government in Europe.