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Sample exam. None of these questions will be on the exam, but these questions almost made it to the
exam. I pulled them from the exam to shorten it, so if you can answer them, you should do pretty well on
the exam. Some of these questions are easier than the exam questions, so if you struggle here, you may
need to study more. Answers to multiple choice at the bottom.
1. The correct order of Embryogenesis is:
a. Cleavage, Gastrulation, Fetus
b. Fertilization, Gastrulation, Neurulation
c. Cleavage, Neurulation, Gastrulation
d. Cleavage, Gastrulation, Neurulation
2. Which statement is true? In a fertilized egg,
a. the animal pole will become the future embryo, the vegetal pole will become
yolk or yolk cells
b. the vegetal pole will become the future embryo, the animal pole will become
yolk or yolk cells
c. both the animal and vegetal poles will become the future embryo and yolk or
yolk cells
3. The egg contributes a haploid nucleus and what to the zygote?
a. cytoplasm including nutrients,
b. ribosomes,
c. mitochondria
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
4. Which two systems are still developing in childhood (exclude growth)?
a. The nervous system (brain) and immune system
b. The reproductive system and lymphatic system
c. The nervous system (brain) and reproductive system
d. none of the above
5. Why do adaptations never reach perfection?
a. Environments change
b. New genetic variation arises by mutation
c. Adaptations sometimes go in the wrong direction
d. a and b
6. Why was the initial hybrid between the radish and cabbage cross sterile?
a. Because hybrids between two different species are sterile
b. Because the hybrid produced pollen of the radish and eggs of the cabbage
c. Because they hybrid had mismatched chromosomes that did not pair properly in
meiosis
d. Because they hybrid had mismatched chromosomes that did not pair properly in
mitosis
7. How was he able to keep the sterile hybrid of the radish/cabbage cross alive?
a. he bred offspring
b. he continually crossed radishes and cabbage
c. he made clones by grafting the plant
8. What can evolve?
a. populations
b. people or individual organisms
c. genes
d. a and c
e. all of the above
9. Which of the following is the correct order for life in the fossil record? (Yes, we did not
talk about the first cat, but I think it is pretty obvious.)
a. First cat, first prokaryotic cells, photosynthesizing bacteria, eukaryotic cells,
animals, life on land,
b. First prokaryotic cells, photosynthesizing bacteria, animals, eukaryotic cells, life
on land, first cat
c. First prokaryotic cells, photosynthesizing bacteria, animals, eukaryotic cells, first
cat, life on land
d. First prokaryotic cells, photosynthesizing bacteria, eukaryotic cells, animals, life
on land, first cat
10. Why was the evolution of pollen important for land plants?
a. With the evolution of pollen, plants could freely engage in promiscuous sex
b. With the evolution of pollen, bees and insects accomplished a plant’s
reproduction
c. With the evolution of pollen, the wind accomplished a plant’s reproduction
d. With the evolution of pollen, plants stopped relying on water for reproduction
11. From your reading, did all the dinosaurs go extinct?
a. Yes
b. Yes, most died out 65 million years ago but a few survived till primitive humans
eliminated them
c. No, some are hiding among us and occasionally eat us
d. No, some are still living with us but other than occasionally pooping on us are
relatively harmless
12. The yolk sac is normally a source for food, but it is not in most mammals. Why is this?
a. Because most baby mammals do not need to eat much food
b. Because most baby mammals have a parent to bring them food
c. Because most baby mammals have a placenta
d. Because most baby mammals have an amnion
13. Populations change in genetic characteristics over time. This change can be measured
by?
a. Allele frequency changes
b. Genotype frequency changes
c. Individual frequency changes
d. all of the above
e. a and b
14. During the winter, the black kitty matures and it begins mating with the other cats.
Female cats in the area seem to prefer the black kitty, increasing the frequency of the
black coat color allele in the population. Its increase in frequency is largely because of?
a. Artificial selection
b.
c.
d.
e.
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Sexual selection
15. What does the Fossil Record do?
a. Documents the history of life on Earth.
b. Shows that a succession of organisms has populated the Earth throughout time.
c. Provides some support for evolution
d. all of the above
16. This question is worth double the points. In a population of 1000 diploid plants, 360 are
white, 640 are red. White flowers are recessive to red. What is the frequency of the
white allele? What is the frequency of the red allele?
p+q=1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
17. Essay and extra credit. Name and describe a human adaptation that has an ecological
trade-off in the adaptation.
18. Essay: define evolution
19. Essay. What is speciation?
20. Essay. From the chart below, what is special about Devonian and Silurian periods to the
evolution of life?
Paleozoic Era
PLANT EVOLUTION
ANIMAL EVOLUTION
286
Seedless vascular forests decline as
gymnosperms appear. Nearly all the tree
Amphibians decline as reptiles dominate;
is sporophyte, gametophyte is a few cells
arthropods abundant
in the cones. Sex can be done without
water
360
AGE OF GREAT COAL FORMING
FORESTS. Seedless vascular plants
dominate land; phytoplankton continue to
dominate water
AGE OF AMPHIBIANS. Arthropods
share dominance with amphibians on land;
1st reptiles; bony fishes & zooplankton
continue to dominate water
Devonian
410
Seedless vascular plants appear (whisk
ferns, lycophytes, ferns, horsetail produce spores). Sporophytes are the
dominant generation.
First land animals; arthropods (insects,
crabs, spiders) followed by amphibians late
in the period
Silurian
440
Bryophytes appear on land (liverworts,
moss, gametophytes are the dominant
generation). 1st land plants ~435 mya
AGE OF FISHES. Fishes explode in
diversity; share dominance of water with
zooplankton, 1st bony fish late in period
Ordovician
505
no life on land
AGE OF INVERTEBRATES. First
fishes appear; mollusks & protozoans
dominate the seas
Cambrian
544
Algae explodes in diversity (no plants).
AGE OF INVERTEBRATES. Trilobites
Permian
Carboniferous
Phytoplankton dominate the water. No
life on land
abundant, invertebrates & protozoans
dominate the water; no life on land
Answers:
1 b, 2 a, 3 d, 4 a, 5 d, 6 c, 7 c, 8 d, 9 d, 10 d, 11 d, 12 c, 13 e, 14 e, 15 d, 16 white is
q=.6, red is p = .4.