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CLASSICAL PERIOD 1750-1820 DEFINTIONS Symphony – Orchestra composition, usually in 4 movements (between 20 & 45 Min.) ( is written for orchestra; a string quartet for two violins, viola, and cello; and a sonata for one of two instruments) Sonata Form – refers to the form of a single movement Development – Often the most dramatic section of the movement Motives – Short musical ideas developed within a composition Theme and Variations – A basic musical idea – the theme – is repeated over and over and is changed each time Countermelody – Melodic idea that accompanies a main theme Serenade – a work that’s usually light in mood, meant for evening entertainment Rondo – Features a tuneful main theme Concerto – 3-movement work for an instrument soloist and orchestra Cadenza – Italian for cadence, a special unaccompanied showpiece for the soloist Chamber Music – Music using a small group of musicians, with one player to a part (designed for a room setting, not a public concert hall) String Quartet – Most important form in classical chamber music; written for 2 violins, a viola, and a cello __________________________________________________________________________________________ The later Classical period saw the development of a more definitive ___________ style, and a focus on _____________ clarity rather than textural intricacy Large #’s of musicians moved to large ____________ areas Orchestra increased in ___________ and __________ during this period, the Classical orchestra was the first to include full ___________, ____________, and _____________________ sections Classical music was primarily _______________________ music (sonatas, concertos, and symphonies) VIENNA, AUSTRIA Population was almost ____________ (in 1800, 4th largest city in Europe) Much of the great music from this period came from here Became a magnet to musicians from throughout all of ____________ (in part of an abundance of wealthy patrons) The most innovative composers of the era – ____________, _____________, and ____________________ were based here (not born here though) JOSEPH HAYDN – Born in Rohrau, ____________ He wrote 104 _______________ and 68 string _____________ Entered the service of the Esterhazys, the richest and most powerful of the Hungarian noble families. There he composed all of the music requested, conducted the orchestra, and coached the singers. His music became immensely popular all over Europe. He was very good at developing themes, and he was a ____________ in the development of the symphony and the string quartet. Both ______________ and _______________ were influenced by his style. He and _____________ became great friends in Vienna Surprise (No.94), The Creation WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART Born in Salzburg, ________________ One of the most amazing child _______________ in history At 25, he left Salzburg and became a _______________ musician in ________________ Haydn told Mozart’s father, “Your son is the greatest composer that I know...” He was among the most versatile composers and wrote masterpieces in all the musical forms of his time – ___________________, __________________, _______________________, ______________. He was also a master of _____________ (most were comedies), with a tremendous ability to coordinate ______________ and ________________ action The Magic Flute (German Opera), Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, Cosi fan tutte, Eine kleine Nachtmusick, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, Sonata in C Minor (Pathetique), LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN Born in Bonn, _________________ – many believe that he represents the highest level of _______________ genius Age 22, he left Bonn and moved to Vienna, the music loving city was dazzled by his ________________ and moved by his ________________ At age 29, he felt the first symptoms of _______________, which his doctors could do nothing to halt His sense of __________________ grew with his deafness Some of his greatest works came ___________ he lost his hearing: 9th Symphony, piano and string quartets His demand for _________________ meant long hours and a lot of hard work (sometimes working __________ on a single symphony). His final versions of his works were finished with great ________________ and _____________ He bridged the ______________ Period, with the ______________ Period His most popular works are his nine ______________________: (esp. 5th Symphony, 9th Symphony) His 16 string quartets are considered among the _________________ music ever composed