Download classical period

CLASSICAL PERIOD 1750-1820
DEFINTIONS
Symphony – Orchestra composition, usually in 4 movements (between 20 & 45 Min.)
( is written for orchestra; a string quartet for two violins, viola, and cello; and a sonata for one of two
instruments)
Sonata Form – refers to the form of a single movement
Development – Often the most dramatic section of the movement
Motives – Short musical ideas developed within a composition
Theme and Variations – A basic musical idea – the theme – is repeated over and over and is changed each
time
Countermelody – Melodic idea that accompanies a main theme
Serenade – a work that’s usually light in mood, meant for evening entertainment
Rondo – Features a tuneful main theme
Concerto – 3-movement work for an instrument soloist and orchestra
Cadenza – Italian for cadence, a special unaccompanied showpiece for the soloist
Chamber Music – Music using a small group of musicians, with one player to a part (designed for a room
setting, not a public concert hall)
String Quartet – Most important form in classical chamber music; written for 2 violins, a viola, and a cello
__________________________________________________________________________________________
The later Classical period saw the development of a more definitive ___________ style, and a focus on
_____________ clarity rather than textural intricacy
Large #’s of musicians moved to large ____________ areas
Orchestra increased in ___________ and __________ during this period, the Classical orchestra was the first to
include full ___________, ____________, and _____________________ sections
Classical music was primarily _______________________ music (sonatas, concertos, and symphonies)
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Population was almost ____________ (in 1800, 4th largest city in Europe)
Much of the great music from this period came from here
Became a magnet to musicians from throughout all of ____________ (in part of an abundance of wealthy
patrons)
The most innovative composers of the era – ____________, _____________, and ____________________
were based here (not born here though)
JOSEPH HAYDN –
Born in Rohrau, ____________ He wrote 104 _______________ and 68 string _____________
Entered the service of the Esterhazys, the richest and most powerful of the Hungarian noble families. There he
composed all of the music requested, conducted the orchestra, and coached the singers.
His music became immensely popular all over Europe.
He was very good at developing themes, and he was a ____________ in the development of the symphony and
the string quartet.
Both ______________ and _______________ were influenced by his style.
He and _____________ became great friends in Vienna
Surprise (No.94), The Creation
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART
Born in Salzburg, ________________
One of the most amazing child _______________ in history
At 25, he left Salzburg and became a _______________ musician in ________________
Haydn told Mozart’s father, “Your son is the greatest composer that I know...”
He was among the most versatile composers and wrote masterpieces in all the musical forms of his time –
___________________, __________________, _______________________, ______________.
He was also a master of _____________ (most were comedies), with a tremendous ability to coordinate
______________ and ________________ action
The Magic Flute (German Opera), Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, Cosi fan tutte, Eine kleine
Nachtmusick, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, Sonata in C Minor (Pathetique),
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN
Born in Bonn, _________________ – many believe that he represents the highest level of _______________
genius
Age 22, he left Bonn and moved to Vienna, the music loving city was dazzled by his ________________ and
moved by his ________________
At age 29, he felt the first symptoms of _______________, which his doctors could do nothing to halt
His sense of __________________ grew with his deafness
Some of his greatest works came ___________ he lost his hearing: 9th Symphony, piano and string quartets
His demand for _________________ meant long hours and a lot of hard work (sometimes working __________
on a single symphony). His final versions of his works were finished with great ________________ and
_____________
He bridged the ______________ Period, with the ______________ Period
His most popular works are his nine ______________________: (esp. 5th Symphony, 9th Symphony)
His 16 string quartets are considered among the _________________ music ever composed