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Chapter 7 Pages 7-20 to 7-22 Seabirds - At Flight Over and In the Ocean Seabirds - At Flight Over and In the Ocean 7-1 Menu Previous Next Chapter 7 Pages 7-20 to 7-21 Seabirds - At Flight Over and In the Ocean Characteristics of Birds 7-2 Menu Previous Next Chapter 7 Pages 7-20 to 7-21 Seabirds - At Flight Over and In the Ocean Characteristics of Birds Birds are vertebrates in class Aves. They share several characteristics: Feathers, unique to this class. Forelimbs that are wings. A four-chambered heart and lay internally fertilized eggs. Marine birds are important to the marine ecosystem: They are predators that consume fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. In turn they are prey to marine mammals and sharks. They supply guano – a significant source of nutrients, specially organic nitrogen important to sea life. 7-3 Menu Previous Next Chapter 7 Pages 7-20 to 7-21 Seabirds - At Flight Over and In the Ocean Characteristics of Birds Many species of birds exhibit related adaptations to an aquatic life: Webbed feet for swimming and floating on the surface. Bill adaptations suited to catching their marine prey, like the pelican’s pouch. The cormorant flies over water, and dives in it in pursuit of prey. Birds, like the albatross, have wings and flight characteristics adapted to long-duration flying over wide expanses of water. 7-4 Menu Previous Next Penguins, order Sphenisciformes, all live in the Southern hemisphere. Penguins make up about 80% of all Antarctic birds and by far outnumber even the massive marine mammal populations. Chapter 7 Page 7-21 Seabirds - At Flight Over and In the Ocean Special Attributes of Penguins Emperor Penguins. Adapted to a totally marine existence. 7-5 Menu Previous Next Chapter 7 Page 7-21 Seabirds - At Flight Over and In the Ocean Special Attributes of Penguins Penguins, order Sphenisciformes, all live in the Southern hemisphere. Penguins make up about 80% of all Antarctic birds and by far outnumber even the massive marine mammal populations. Not all species live in cold places. Penguins are found on the coasts of South America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and the nutrient-rich waters surrounding the Galapagos Islands near the equator, They cannot fly, but they’re as at home underwater as other birds are in the air. They: Spend as much as 75% of their time under water searching for food. Can reach depths of 100 meters (328 feet) and deeper. 7-6 Menu Previous Next