Download Final Dec 2003

Chemistry 461
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Final Exam
2003
1.
Answer the following concerning Lab-on-a-chip technology:
What are the chips made of?
What are typical dimensions?
What kinds of separations are used?
What kinds of detection are used?
Give three examples of specific mixtures that might be analyzed in this way (although
not necessarily in the same run).
What are the advantages of Lab-on-a-chip type analyses?
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Answer 4 of the following.
What is acousto optical deflection? What is its importance in a Lab-on-a-chip type
analysis.?
What is PCR and what is it used for?
Why can higher voltages be used with Lab-on-a-chip type electrophoretic separations
as compared to benchtop CE separations?
What extraneous (to the chip) devices are typically needed in Lab-on-a-chip type
analyses?
How are electrodes incorporated into a chip? What is the advantage of this?
Describe a preconcentration method that can be used in conjunction with a Lab-on-achip separation.
What is photolithography?
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2.
What problems have to be overcome to interface CE and MS?
Name and describe a typical interface used for hyphenating CE and MS.
If you had two polar compounds in a mixture, and you wanted to separate them and
analyse them using mass spectrometry, what are the instrumental options available
assuming you had a limitless budget. Give an advantage and disadvantage of each.
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2.
Answer ??? of the following
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What is BSA and what is it often used for?
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3.
What are the various roles for surfactants in CE –think anionic, cationic, zwitterionic
Include an example of each.
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5.
Why might you want to coat a capillary?
What would be the properties of an ideal coating?
What is a dynamic coating? Give an example.
Choose another example of a coating – how is the coating applied?
What is its function? How does it achieve it?- what is the mechanism?
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6.
What are some limitations of CE?
What are some ways that have been recently used to get around these limitations?
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7.
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Draw a block diagram of a basic FIA system.
What are the advantages of using an FIA system for an analysis?
Discuss how diffusion is controlled.
Could all reactions be adapted to FIA – give reasons.
“FTIR is a very versatile method for qualitative and quantitative analysis. A variety
of sample cells may be used to accommodate different kinds of samples.
For quantitative analysis, various types of spectral massaging can be carried out, and
both univariate and multivariate analysis can be used as the situation demands.”
Please expand on the above statement. Include examples where possible. Particularly
explain what is meant by the highlighted terms.
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9.
The chem. 463 students were trying to build the following circuit, but are experiencing
some problems. Each group tried to build the circuit, then read the current and voltage
drop for each resistor The current and voltage values measured by the BLUE group and
the RED group are shown underneath the diagram. Please diagnose the problem in each
case. We expect that the problem is in the way the resistors have been inserted – one
may be shorted or one may be ‘open’- not inserted correctly. There is one faulty
resistor in each.
BLUE GROUP
R1
R2
R3
R4
Current
2.001 A
0.649 A
1.352 A
1.352 A
Voltage
106.0 V
114.9 V
0V
114.9 V
RED GROUP
R1
0A
221 V
R2
R3
R4
0A
0A
0A
0V
0V
0V