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Exam 2 Review
This review sheet serves as a reminder of the material covered in the lectures. It
should be noted that some items from lecture may not be included on this review sheet,
but will still be referenced on the exam. As such, use these questions as a reminder of
the material that was covered in the lectures while studying from the textbook and the
notes you took during lectures. Questions for the exam will focus on classroom
lecture/discussion, which may include additional material not found within this
review sheet.
Matter/Light Properties
Can you describe the structure of an atom? Do you know what makes one element
different from another?
What is an isotope? What is a molecule?
Do you understand how the concept of temperature is related to the motion of
atoms/molecules? Do you understand how changing the temperature of a substance will
change the excitation state (ground, excited, ionized) of atoms as well as the state of
matter?
Can you define the wave properties of light (wavelength, frequency, speed of light)?
Do you understand how light can be described as a particle (photon)?
Are you familiar with differences between the classical model of light and quantum
mechanics model?
Do you know the basic principles of the reflection and refraction of light?
Do you know how to compare the different parts of the EM spectrum with regards to
wavelength, frequency, and energy?
Do you know how light and matter interacts to form an absorption spectrum?
Star Properties:
Are you familiar with how astronomers use solar units as a way of describing physical
qualities of other stars?
Do you know the surface temperature, total lifespan, and general composition of the Sun?
How is the process of stellar parallax used to determine the distance to a star?
Do you understand how the brightness of a star depends on the star’s luminosity and the
distance an observer is away from the star?
Are you familiar with how the magnitude system is used to rank stars according to
brightness (apparent magnitude) and luminosity (absolute magnitude)? Can you use the
magnitude system to obtain the relative distances to stars?
Do you know how the order of spectral classes is arranged? Can you tell a star’s relative
temperature, color, and luminosity based on its designated spectral classification?
Are you familiar with the properties of the Interstellar Medium (ISM)?
Do you understand how the star formation process begins?
How well you understand what processes are going on during the proto-star stage of a
star’s life? What needs to happen for a proto-star to become a main sequence star?
What are the properties of a main sequence star? How does a star’s mass affect the
Luminosity, Temperature, Size, and lifespan of a star’s life?
What are the properties of each of the Sun’s different layers?
How is energy produced in the Sun’s core?
How does the Sun’s magnetic field influence each type of solar activity discussed in class
(sunspots, plages, prominences, solar flares, coronal mass ejections)? Why is it important
for us to be able to predict such events?
What causes the Sun to leave the Main Sequence stage of its life and how does the Sun
change when that happens?
What are the properties of the Sun during its Giant stage? How will the Sun die and what
object will be left behind?
How does a star that is more massive than the Sun evolve and die out differently from the
Sun?
What determines what object will be left behind after a star dies out? What are the
properties of each of those objects?
How does Einstein’s model of gravity differ from Newton’s description? Why Einstein’s
description taken to be “more complete” than Newton’s?
What are the effects an outside observer would notice as a “volunteer” falls toward the
event horizon of a black hole?
Key Terms to Know
The following is a list of terms that you should be comfortable with for the upcoming
exam. This list should be used as a guide and might not include every term that was
covered in class. For completeness, you should refer to the notes you took in class or the
notes that are posted on the web page.
Black Hole
Brown Dwarf
Chromosphere
Convection Zone
Corona
Coronal Mass Ejection
Event Horizon
Gravitational Redshift
Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Instability Strip
Neutron Star
Photosphere
Photospheric Granulation
Plage
Planetary Nebula
Prominence
Proto-planetary Disk
Proto-star
Pulsar
Pulsating Variable Stars
Radiation Zone
Schwarzschild Radius
Singularity
Solar Flare
Solar Wind
Space-time
Sunspot
Supernova
Time Dilation
Wormhole
ANSWERS TO ODD NUMBERED QUESTIONS: CHAPTER 15
Odd Number
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Chapter 15
A
D
B
A
D
C
E
E
A
D
D
D