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LOGOS, ETHOS, PATHOS
Classical argumentation is based on Aristotle’s view
on public speaking, which consisted of three
elements:
 Logos, the ability to argue on the subject
 Ethos, the credibility of the speaker
 Pathos, involvement of the audience
Logos, ethos and pathos also refer to the type of
arguments writers/speakers use to convince their
audience:
 Logos, appeals to facts
 Ethos, appeals to values
 Pathos, appeals to emotions
Good factual appeals (logos) is usually enough to
convince an audience that your factual arguments
are sound. But even good arguments may not be
enough. The appeal to values (ethos) and emotions
(pathos) may provide a useful role in bringing our
attention to an issue, providing motive for actions,
or stimulating thought. Appeals to all three types of
arguments are absolutely essential to the success of
your argument.