Download ii.POWER LINE COMMUNICATION

Scheduling, Timing and Controlling Of Electrical Home Appliances Using
Power Line Communication
Ms.K.R.Katole
Asst. Prof.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College
of Engineering &Research Nagpur
[email protected]
RoshanLakhe
Student
Dr.BabasahebAmbedkar College
of Engineering &Research Nagpur
[email protected]
Abstract— PLC technology enables utility companies to
deploy a Communication network over existing power line
infrastructure by transmitting data signal through the same
power cables that transmit electricity. In this paper we
describe an embedded system using Power Line
Communication which has been developed to monitor the
power of electric home appliance for home power
management. PLC modem will be used as transmission and
receiver source of signal. Graphical User Interface (GUI) is
used for giving the signal to particular electrical appliance for
its operation from one place making the work smart. Thus we
can manage or control the use of power of appliance .
Keywords-PowerManagement,GUI,PowerLine
Communication,PLC Modem
I.
Akash Thakur
Student
Dr.BabasahebAmbedkar College
of Engineering &Research Nagpur
INTRODUCTION
A local utility has to balance energy demand by local
customer with energy supply from utility. The energy supply
come from power plants run by the local utility or the regional
utility. Energy and Information flowed only in one direction to
the end user. In the future, a two-way flow of energy and
information will occur throughout the Smart Grid. To improve
the energy efficiency, we need to have the Bi-Directional flow
of information through the domestic power line. This will help
to manage the flow of current from smart grid to the user
end(appliances), also it helps in monitoring the appliances
right from grid.
The main duty of the proposed design is to manage the
home appliances for saving the power. But there are many
other duties that make your home taking care of you. It is very
easy to turn ON appliance by pressing button even if it is new
kind of appliance that we never saw before. This management
system consist of type-of one Master and many slaves
connected together via RS232 network based on power line
communication. Bi-directional communication system is used
to transmit the control signal via power line.
This is done from one place where we have our Graphic User
Interface(GUI).GUI gives signal to the appliance through our
domestic power line. This signal is in the form of
character(A,B,C..etc) to which the binary code is assigned.
PLC modem helps to transmit this code through power line
and hence appliance operates accordingly.
Power Line Communication(PLC) technology is used to
control and monitor the electrical appliances from one place.
PLC technology enables utility companies to deploy a
communication network over existing power line
infrastructure by transmitting data signal through the same
power cables that transmit electricity. This technology uses
different frequency from the power cable.
II.POWER LINE COMMUNICATION
PLC is the general name for the communication
technology that enables sending data over existing power line.
This means that with just the domestic power line going to
electronic devices, one can switch it on/off and at the same
time control/receive data from it in a half-duplex manner so
that electronic device behave accordingly.
PLC can be classified as: 1)Narrowband PLC
2)Broadband PLC
In Narrowband
PLC, system operates at lower
frequencies 0.3 to 500kHz band to provide about 100s of kbps
over ranges upto 150km using repeaters.In Broadband PLC
,system operates at higher frequencies 1.8-250MHz band to
provide about 100s of mbps and is used in short range
application.
With the high data rates and no additional wiring,
Broadband PLC is seen as an most exciting and effective
technology for multimedia distribution within homes. On the
other hand narrowband PLC is used if we want to send data
over domestic line which is existing outdoor. This will help to
send/receive data from local utility to home appliances which
will to get the information about the energy usage at home by
each appliance. Figure 1shows an example of power line
communication.
In this paper, a Configurable customize PLC is developed
for controlling the home appliances communicated through
power line communication.
The actual hardware implemented for the system is given by
circuit diagram in figure 4.
Fig 1: A power line communication
III. IMPLEMENTATION
TRANSMITTER SECTION
In the transmitter section, using GUI we give input to the PLC
modem through TTLport (i.e USB to Serial converter) which
passes through our domestic line towards receiver section with
some frequency. Here we send alphabet ( manual code) which
are assigned with the binary code. Thus signal is send to
power line.
GU
I
USB To
Serial
Converte
r
PLC
Modem
AC
Medium
Fig 4: Circuit diagram
IV. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
Here a GUI is connected to PLC modem through USB to
Serial converter in transmitter side. Output from PLC
modem is connected to the domestic power line so as to
transmit the input signal.Domestic power line is spreaded
throughout the home for electric power transmission.
Fig 2: Block diagram of transmitter section
RECEIVER SECTION
Signal in the binary form, from the domestic power line is
received by PLC modem which further input to the
AtMega16.Here program has been dumped earlier which
detects the binary code that has been assigned to the alphabet
(manual code) in the transmitter. Microcontroller operates
LCD where we get the display as what we have written in the
GUI for specific button. Microcontroller also operates the
Relay driver (L293D) which drives the number of relay to
which the appliances are connected. Based on the binary code,
particular relay gets switch On and hence appliance get turn
On.
Fig 3: Block diagram of receiver section
Fig 5: An experimental set up
At the receiver end, output signal from power line is given
to the PLC modem which is connected to the
Microcontroller where program for operation is dumped.
Microcontroller detects the binary signal from PLC
modem and act likewise.
Relay Driver (L293D) which is connected to one of the
port of Microcontroller.
Relay Driver gets voltage supply from Microcontroller to
drive the relays to switch on/off the appliance.
Description of Components Used for the System
A.
ATMega16 (Microcontroller):
The ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC
architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single
clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves throughputs approaching
1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designed to optimize
power consumption versus processing speed.
Fig 7: GUI developed using Visual Studio
Fig 6: A PLC modem and ATMEGA 16
B.
PLC MODEM:
It is a system for carrying data on a conductor. It uses the
existing power lines to transmit data from one device to
another. This makes power line communication best means for
networking.
C.
LCD Display (16*2):
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display
module and find a wide range of application. A 16x2 LCD
means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such
lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel
matrix.
D.
Voltage Regulator:
7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. The voltage
source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not give
the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains
the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx
indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide.
7805 provides +5V regulated power supply.
E.
Relay Driver: L293D
F.
Relay
V. RESULTS
A Visual Studio 10 is used for developing GUI. The GUI
Contains tab for timing and scheduling for auto ON/OFF.
Fig 8: Coding in AVR studio
I.
IMPLEMENTATION AREA:
Power Line Communications (PLC) use electrical
wiring inside buildings and vehicles as well as within
the power grid for communications applications
spanning
broadband
multimedia
in-home
communications, in-vehicle communications as well
as command and control and smart grid applications.
Topics of interest include, but are not only limited to:
• Capacity planning, resource allocation and
scheduling for PLC
• PHY and MAC layer protocols for PLC
• Congestion and admission control for PLC
• Cross-layer optimization in PLC
• Modeling and performance evaluation for PLC
• Power Quality monitoring and PLC data
concentrators
• Measurement data from test beds, field trials.
• Smart grid PLC communications, controls and
protocols
VI. CONCLUSION
A GUI is developed using AVR studio for
scheduling, timing and controlling of Electrical Home
Appliances using Power Line Communication. This
system can also be connected to Internet to monitor
and control power remotely. Thus energy
management can achieved using power line
communication.
REFERENCE
[1 ]Chia-Hung Lien*, Hsien-Chung Chen**, Ying-Wen Bai**,
and Ming-Bo Lin*** “Power Monitoring and Control for
Electric Home Appliances Based on Power Line
Communication” I²MTC 2008 – IEEE International
Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference
Victoria, Vancouver Island, Canada, May 12–15, 2008.
[2] T. Shibata, K. Ogawa, H. Takemura and Y. Hatayama,
“The new architecture that realizes seamless connectivity and
cooperative control for home network systems,” in Proc. ICCE
’05, pp. 149-150, 2005.
[3] Chia-Hung Lien, Chi-Hsiung Lin, Ying-Wen Bai, MingFong Liu, and Ming-Bo Lin, “Remotely Controllable Outlet
System for Home Power Management,” in Proc. ISCE '06,
pp.1-6, 2006.
[4] H. Ikebe, K. Ogawa, H. Takernura and Y. Hatayama,
“New architecture of realizing seamless
connectivity and
cooperative control for home network systems,” in Proc.
ISCAS ’05, pp. 5341-5344, 2005.
[5] http//www.cypress.com/?rID=73585