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PSYC 1311: Introduction to Psychology SPRING 2013 Web Task 2: Chapters 5 & 6 (5%) Name:noura aldossary Section:201 ID#: 200700688 Date:3/15 Date Due: Post on BlackBoard before 11:55 PM on MARCH 6TH , in Week 5. CHAPTER 5: SENSATION AND PERCEPTION 1. Instructions: Next to each term, place the letter of the statement that best corresponds to the term. _a__ Wavelength _f__Astigmatism _b__Optic Nerve _i__Light Adaptation _p__Saturation _g__Myopia _c__Accommodation __e_Opponent-Process Theory _r__Brightness _d___Retina __s__Lens __v__Brightness Contrast __z__Fovea __t__Cornea __h__Hue __q__Trichromatic Theory __o__Amplitude __x__Hyperopia __w__Acuity _y___Dark Adaptation _u___Purity _j___Pupil _n___Cones _m___Blind Spot __s__Iris __k__Rods a. The psychological counterpart of wavelength; often referred to as color. b. The point at which the optic nerve leaves the back of the eye. c. A small muscle that relaxes or contracts in response to the amount of light passing through the cornea. d. Farsightedness. e. The process our eyes go through adapting to decreased levels of illumination. f. The transparent structure at within the eye that changes shape, depending on whether we are looking at objects far away or nearby. g. A visual disorder caused by a misshapen cornea. h. In a beam of light, the distance between two crests. i. Light-sensitive receptors found in the retina, but not the fovea. j. Hering's theory that there are 3 sets of color receptors in the visual system. Stimulation of one member of a set produces the sensation of the corresponding color. k. Keenness of vision. l. The thin layer of receptors, the rods and cones, that lines the interior of the back of the eye. m. The number of wavelengths found in a beam of light. n. The small area forming the center of the retina. o. The process by which the lens focuses light on the retina. p. The phenomenon in which a color looks brighter as the background color becomes darker. q. The opening of in the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye. r. The psychological counterpart of purity. s. The main neural pathway that carries visual information from the eye to the brain. t. The process by which our eyes adapt to increasing levels of illumination. u. The psychological counterpart to amplitude. v. Nearsightedness. w. Young and Helmholtz's theory that human eye has receptors sensitive to red, green, and blue. x. The transparent fluid-filled cover at the front of the eye through which light passes. y. The height of a wave of light. z. Color sensitive receptors found primarily in the fovea. CHAPTER 6: LEARNING 1. Generalization and Discrimination in Operant Conditioning Generalization may be considered opposites sides of the same coin. Generalization occurs when stimuli similar to the discriminative stimulus evoke an operant response whereas discrimination occurs when behavior occurs only in the presence of specific discriminative stimuli. A discriminative stimulus sets the occasion for responding because, in the past, responding in the presence of the discriminative stimulus has been reinforced. Instructions: Below are 4 everyday situations in which some form of operant behavior is occurring. After reading each scenario, indicate whether it is an instance of generalization or discrimination. Situation 1: instance We stop our vehicles when the traffic light is red, but continue through the light when it is green. Situation 2: instance We sit quietly in our seats during class examinations, church services, theatrical presentations, and funerals. Situation 3: instance of generalization We raise our hands before speaking in class but not while talking to a friend or while at a party. Situation 4: instance of generalization We put our feet up on our desk and coffee table at home, but not on our grandparents' coffee table. Situation 5: instance We mistake a stranger for a friend of ours. Situation 6: instance of generalization We answer the doorbell when it was really the phone that was ringing. 2. Instructions: Watch the dog experiment on the internet. Then describe each different trial and give reasons why the dog salivated for certain trials more than other trials. http://www.uwm.edu/~johnchay/cc.htm Trial 1: Trial 2: Trial 3: Trial 4: Trial 5:
