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Transcript
Key Terms for Chap. 1 Address (of a cell): unique location in main memory for each cell Algorithm: step-by-step problem-solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a finite amount of time Assembler: program that translates a program written in assembly language into an equivalent program in machine language American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): most commonly used encoding scheme used on personal computers; the ASCII data set uses seven bits to represent 128 characters, numbered from 0 to 127 Analog signals: continuous wave forms used to represent such things as sound Application programs: software programs that perform a specific task Arithmetic logic unit (ALU): hardware component of a computer that carries out all arithmetic and logical operations Binary (base 2): the number system that a computer uses Binary code (binary number): sequence of 0s and 1s Binary digit (bit): the digit 0 or 1 Build (Make): command that does the linking on C++ Builder; on CodeWarrior, use Make Build (Rebuild): command that does the linking on Visual C++ and Visual Studio .NET Byte: sequence of eight bits Central processing unit (CPU): brain of the computer and the single most expensive piece of hardware in a personal computer Compiler: program that translates instructions written in a high-level language into machine code Control unit (CU): hardware component of the computer that fetches and decodes instructions, controls the flow of information in and out of main memory, and controls operations of the CPU’s internal components Decimal system (base 10): number system we use in daily life. Digital signals: represent information with a sequence of 0s and 1s High-level languages: programming languages that are similar to natural speaking languages Input devices: devices that feed data and programs into computers Instruction register (IR): holds the instruction that is currently being executed Kilobyte (KB): 1024, or 210 bytes Library: place where prewritten code resides Linker: program that combines the object program with other programs in the library, and used in the program to create the executable code Loader: program that loads an executable program into main memory Machine language: language of a computer; a sequence of 0s and 1s Main memory: memory directly connected to the CPU Memory cells: ordered sequence of cells in main memory Mnemonic: instruction that is in an easy-to-remember form Object program: machine language version of the high-level language program Object-oriented design (OOD): programming methodology that identifies components called objects, which form the basis of the solution to a problem Object-oriented programming (OOP): programming language that implements object-oriented design (OOD) Operating system: monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services Preprocessor: program that processes statements in a C++ program that begin with the symbol # Program counter (PC): points to the next instruction to be executed Secondary storage: device that stores information permanently Source code (source program): program written in a high-level language Structured design (top-down design, stepwise refinement, modular programming): dividing a problem into smaller subproblems System programs: programs that control the computer 1/2