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Aim: How can we describe major events in Earth’s history? Do Now: How did Early Earth’s atmosphere differ from modern Earth? Could early Earth support modern humans? Why or why not? Early Earth: Modern Earth (numbers based on Saturn’s moon Titan) 98.4% nitrogen 78.09% nitrogen 1.4% methane 20.95% oxygen 0.1–0.2% hydrogen 0.93% argon 0.039% carbon dioxide water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level 4.6 Billion Years Ago 2.6 billion to 400 Million Years ago 400 million to 290 million years ago 290 million years ago to now Earth’s History condensed into a single year… ● Age of Earth in Measurements we can understand Choose one of the following time periods to report on ●PreCambrian Time ●Paleozoic ●Mesozoic ●Cenozoic Activity: Using pages 420-424 (or p. 615-623 ) answer the following: 1.What are the dates of your time period? 2.What marks the beginning and end of your time period? 3.What are the major geologic events of your time period? 4.What are the major biologic events of your time period? Geologic History Laws ●Law of Superposition ●Law of Original Horizontality ●Law of Uniformity ●Law of Superposition: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________ ●Law of Original Horizontality ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________ ●Law of Uniformitarianism ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________ Aim: How can we apply the rules of geologic history to sequence events? Do Now: ●Create two LEVEL TWO questions based on page 8 and 9 of the ESRT. ●Answer your questions. Geo History Laws Activity Match the definitions to the laws that are pictured on the sheet. ESRT ●ESRT Geologic History Laws ●Law of Superposition ●Law of Original Horizontality ●Law of Uniformity ●REVIEW ●Law of Superposition: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________ ●Law of Original Horizontality ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________ ●Law of Uniformity____________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________________ Easy Right? Unique Features ●There are events that can occur that move rock and make it difficult to determine the age and history Folding Intrusion ●Which layer is the youngest? Intrusion Fault ●What caused the layers to shift? Fault Tilting ●Which rock layer is the oldest? Tilting Aim: How can we apply the rules of geologic history to sequence events? Entry Quiz ●Blank sheet of paper ●Reference Table ●1 Minute per question Question 1 ●What letter identifies the index fossil “Condor”? Question 2 ●Which rock layer is the youngest? Question 3 ●Which statement correctly describes the law of super positioning? 1. Rocks that contain fossil are always sedimentary rocks 2. Rock layers become older as depth increases 3. Rock layers can tilt or become folded 4. Geologic history sequencing can only be achieved by using absolute dating Question 4 ●In what era do humans live? Question 5 ●In what period did the earliest dinosaurs emerge? Do Now ●Place the layers in order from youngest to oldest Unique Geologic Laws ●Intrusion Unique Geologic Laws ●Fault Tilting Which rock layer is the oldest? Unconformity When the rock record doesn’t “conform” to the previous laws. 2 types of unconformity: 1. disconformity and 2. nonconformity Non-conformity When a layer of sedimentary rock is in contact with a layer of metamorphic or igneous rock Disconformity layers are “missing” How could this occur? Practice ●With your partner, determine the relative ages of the rocks layers. ●Which laws are you using to make your determination? Aim: How can we use index fossils to help describe the age of rock layers? Do Now: 1.Describe 2 ways a fossil can form. 2.Using your ESRT, select the fossil that has been extinct for the longest period of time. Aim: How can we sequence rock layers that come from different locations? Do Now: Under the “sequence of events” with 8 steps, what evidence supports the statements that… A)The granite was eroded. B) The fault happened after the basalt, limestone and sandstone formed. C) The basalt was not eroded. D) The top layer was formed by a glacier. (Hint: How would the sediments be sorted?) New test Correction procedure Faulting – When did it happen? Faults cut through all existing layers. Any layers formed after the fault will not be shifted or broken. All layers formed before the fault will be shifted and broken. Aim: How can we use index fossils to help describe the age of rock layers? Do Now: 1.Describe 2 ways a fossil can form. 2.Using your ESRT, select the fossil that has been extinct for the longest period of time. Correlate the 3 rock sequences to make a single rock column for the geologic history of the region. (oldest on bottom) Each black vertical bar represent the existence of a group of organisms. Extinction First appearance KEY CONCEPT Specific environmental conditions are necessary in order for fossils to form. Fossils can form in several ways. ●Specific conditions are needed for fossilization. ●Only a tiny percentage of living things became fossils. Time capsule Index Fossils Must be: 1. Easily recognizable 2. Widespread 3. Exist for a short time Correlation means _____________ • We can match: o rock types o rock sequences o ash layers from volcanic eruptions o index fossils Correlating or matching index fossils from three outcrops. Correlate the 3 rock sequences to make a single rock column for the geologic history of the region. (oldest on bottom) Youngest Oldest Page 8 & 9 of the Reference Tables.