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Aim: How can we describe major
events in Earth’s history?
Do Now: How did Early Earth’s atmosphere differ from
modern Earth? Could early Earth support modern
humans? Why or why not?
Early Earth:
Modern Earth
(numbers based on Saturn’s moon Titan)
98.4% nitrogen
78.09% nitrogen
1.4% methane
20.95% oxygen
0.1–0.2% hydrogen
0.93% argon
0.039% carbon dioxide
water vapor, on average around 1%
at sea level
4.6 Billion Years Ago
2.6 billion to 400 Million Years ago
400 million to 290 million years ago
290 million years ago to now
Earth’s History condensed into a
single year…
● Age of Earth in Measurements we can understand
Choose one of the following
time periods to report on
●PreCambrian Time
●Paleozoic
●Mesozoic
●Cenozoic
Activity:
Using pages 420-424 (or p. 615-623 ) answer the
following:
1.What are the dates of your time period?
2.What marks the beginning and end of your time
period?
3.What are the major geologic events of your time
period?
4.What are the major biologic events of your time
period?
Geologic History Laws
●Law of Superposition
●Law of Original Horizontality
●Law of Uniformity
●Law of Superposition:
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
__________
●Law of Original Horizontality
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
__________
●Law of Uniformitarianism
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
__________
Aim: How can we apply the rules of
geologic history to sequence events?
Do Now:
●Create two LEVEL TWO questions
based on page 8 and 9 of the ESRT.
●Answer your questions.
Geo History Laws Activity
Match the definitions to the laws that are pictured on the
sheet.
ESRT
●ESRT
Geologic History Laws
●Law of Superposition
●Law of Original Horizontality
●Law of Uniformity
●REVIEW
●Law of Superposition:
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
__________
●Law of Original Horizontality
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
__________
●Law of
Uniformity____________________________________
____________________________________________
__________________
Easy Right?
Unique Features
●There are events that can occur that move rock and
make it difficult to determine the age and history
Folding
Intrusion
●Which layer is the youngest?
Intrusion
Fault
●What caused the layers to shift?
Fault
Tilting
●Which rock layer is the oldest?
Tilting
Aim: How can we apply the rules of geologic
history to sequence events?
Entry Quiz
●Blank sheet of paper
●Reference Table
●1 Minute per question
Question 1
●What letter identifies the
index fossil “Condor”?
Question 2
●Which rock layer is the youngest?
Question 3
●Which statement correctly describes the law of super
positioning?
1. Rocks that contain fossil are always sedimentary rocks
2. Rock layers become older as depth increases
3. Rock layers can tilt or become folded
4. Geologic history sequencing can only be achieved by
using absolute dating
Question 4
●In what era do humans live?
Question 5
●In what period did the earliest
dinosaurs emerge?
Do Now
●Place the layers in order from youngest to oldest
Unique Geologic Laws
●Intrusion
Unique Geologic Laws
●Fault
Tilting
Which rock layer is the oldest?
Unconformity
When the rock record doesn’t
“conform” to the previous laws.
2 types of unconformity:
1. disconformity and 2. nonconformity
Non-conformity
When a layer of sedimentary rock is in contact with a
layer of metamorphic or igneous rock
Disconformity
layers are “missing”
How could this occur?
Practice
●With your partner, determine the
relative ages of the rocks layers.
●Which laws are you using to
make your determination?
Aim: How can we use index
fossils to help describe the age
of rock layers?
Do Now:
1.Describe 2 ways a fossil can form.
2.Using your ESRT, select the fossil
that has been extinct for the longest
period of time.
Aim: How can we sequence rock layers
that come from different locations?
Do Now:
Under the “sequence of events” with 8
steps, what evidence supports the
statements that…
A)The granite was eroded.
B) The fault happened after the basalt, limestone
and sandstone formed.
C) The basalt was not eroded.
D) The top layer was formed by a glacier. (Hint:
How would the sediments be sorted?)
New test Correction
procedure
Faulting – When did it happen?
Faults cut through all existing
layers. Any layers formed
after the fault will not be
shifted or broken. All layers
formed before the fault will be
shifted and broken.
Aim: How can we use index
fossils to help describe the age
of rock layers?
Do Now:
1.Describe 2 ways a fossil can form.
2.Using your ESRT, select the fossil
that has been extinct for the longest
period of time.
Correlate the 3 rock sequences to make a single rock column for
the geologic history of the region. (oldest on bottom)
Each black vertical
bar represent the
existence of a
group of
organisms.
Extinction
First
appearance
KEY CONCEPT
Specific environmental conditions are necessary in
order for fossils to form.
Fossils can form in several ways.
●Specific conditions are needed for
fossilization.
●Only a tiny percentage of living things
became fossils.
Time capsule
Index Fossils
Must be:
1. Easily recognizable
2. Widespread
3. Exist for a short time
Correlation means _____________
• We can match:
o rock types
o rock sequences
o ash layers from volcanic eruptions
o index fossils
Correlating or matching index fossils from three
outcrops.
Correlate the 3 rock sequences to make a single rock column for
the geologic history of the region. (oldest on bottom)
Youngest
Oldest
Page 8 & 9 of the Reference Tables.