Download VOCABULARY-AND-COMPREHENSION

BEHIND THE BLUE AND THE GRAY
CH. 1: WAKENING TO WAR
VOCABULARY
Zouaves: volunteer soldiers who wore baggy red pants and red caps with tassels.
Richmond, Virginia: capital city of the Confederate States of America
Manassas, Virginia: site of the First Battle of Bull Run
Cavalry: soldiers on horseback who rode ahead in battle, serving as scouts or fastmoving raiders.
Artillery: soldiers who hauled heavy bronze cannon and ammunition wagons to the
fighting zone.
Infantry: the foot soldiers who made up 80% of the fighting forces
General Irvin McDowell: Union general who led the soldiers at the First Battle of Bull
Run
General Joseph E. Johnston: Rebel commander at the First Battle of Bull Run
Comprehension: 41 Key ideas/3 pts each/123 total
1. At the beginning of the war in 1861, how long did soldiers expect to serve in
the army? Why? (2 key ideas)
2. What was the official dress of the Union Army? (1 key idea)
3. What was the official color of the Southern Army? (1 key idea)
4. What were three reasons that Northern soldiers enlisted in the Army? (3 key ideas)
5. How much money did a Union soldier earn each month? (1 key idea)
6. Why did Southern soldiers enlist in the Army? (2 key ideas)
7. Why were Southern soldiers sure that they would make better soldiers than
the Northerners? (5 key ideas)
8. How many Union soldiers marched toward Bull Run? How many Confederate
soldiers were camped there? (2 key ideas)
9. What were the two goals of the Union Army at Bull Run? (2 key ideas)
10 What were the three types of soldiers, and what were their duties? (6 key ideas)
11. How long did it take the Union soldiers to make the 35 mile march from
Washington to Bull Run? Why? (5 key ideas)
12. Who led the Union troops at the First Battle of Bull Run? Who led the
Southern troops? (2 key ideas)
13. Describe the battlefield at Bull Run. (3 key ideas)
14. Why did the Union soldiers break and run from the battlefield at Bull Run?
(1 key idea)
15. Why was the federal retreat from the battle so disorganized? (2 key ideas)
16. Why didn’t the Confederate soldiers pursue the retreating Union soldiers
after the First Battle of Bull Run? (1 key idea)
17. How many Union and Confederate soldiers were dead, wounded, or missing
after the First Battle of Bull Run? (2 key ideas)
CHAPTER 2: CAMPFIRES BURNING
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TERMS TO KNOW
Army of the Potomac:
General George B. McClellan:
barrel shirt:
bucking and gagging:
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5.
6.
7.
8.
grand review:
salt horse:
dessicated vegetables:
hardtack:
Comprehension: 63 key ideas/2 pts each/126 total
1. After the Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), why did some soldiers lay aside their
weapons and go back home? (1 key idea)
2. Who replaced General Irvin McDowell and took control of the Army of the
Potomac? (1 key idea)
3. How did General McClellan plan to prepare his troops for war? (5 key ideas)
4. What strict new rules did McClellan impose in camp? (3 key ideas)
5. How many drill sessions did some officers hold each day in camp? (1 key idea)
6. What chores did the soldiers perform when they were not receiving drill
instruction? (7 key ideas)
7. Early in the war, why were some of the officers just as ignorant about the
rules of warfare as the soldiers they commanded? (2 key ideas)
8. Of all the lessons taught during the war, which was the hardest for strongwilled recruits to learn? (1 key idea)
9. What were three of the punishments inflicted on disobedient recruits? (4 key ideas)
10. How did the recruits thrive during the fall of 1861 under the command of
General George McClellan? (4 key ideas)
11. Describe the “permanent” shelters built by the soldiers during the winter of
1862. How were they built? How were they furnished? (11 key ideas)
12. Describe the camp activities the soldiers engaged in. (10 key ideas)
13. How many months did the men spend in camp before their next battle? (1 key idea)
14. What was “salt horse” and how did the men prepare it? (3 key ideas)
15. What were “dessicated vegetables,” and how were they prepared? (4 key ideas)
16. Describe hardtack. (3 key ideas)
17. What were two causes of sickness and disease in the camps? (2 key ideas)
CHAPTER 3: NEWCOMERS NO MORE
TERMS TO KNOW
1. Seven Days’ Battles:
2. rebel yell:
3. Gettysburg:
4. Commissary:
5. deserters:
6. bounty jumpers:
Comprehension: 59 key ideas/2 pts each/118 total
1. What was the goal of the Seven Days’ Battles and when did they take place? (2 key
ideas)
2. Describe the hours of preparation approaching a battle. (10 key ideas)
3. What were some of the things that soldiers did in case they did not survive the
battle? (2 key ideas)
4. Why did the drill instruction that the soldiers had been through begin to make
sense when they were engaged in battle? (6 key ideas)
5. How many steps were involved in loading and firing a musket? What did the soldier
do to open the cartridge containing the bullet and gunpowder? (2 key ideas)
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6. What would happen if a soldier forgot to remove the ramrod he used to tamp
down the ammunition in his rifle? (1 key idea)
7. What might happen to a soldier who tried to desert during battle? (3 key ideas)
8. Describe what might happen during hand-to-hand combat? (5 key ideas)
9. What had the soldiers learned at the Battle of Bull Run? (1 key idea)
10. What had the soldiers learned at the Battle of Gettysburg? (1 key idea)
11. How many men did the Union lose at the Battle of Gettysburg? (1 key idea)
12. As the war went on, what did many of the veteran soldiers lose? (1 key idea)
13. Why did so many soldiers desert after the Battle of Gettysburg? (6 key ideas)
14. As the war went on, how and why did the penalties for desertion grow
harsher? (10 key ideas)
15. What measures were taken to increase manpower in the Civil War armies?
(3 key ideas)
16. What were bounty jumpers? (5 key ideas)
CHAPTER 4: PATRIOTS AND PRISONERS
TERMS TO KNOW
1. typhoid fever
2. malaria
3. dysentery
4. minie balls
5. ambulance corps
6. chloroform
7. amputations
8. general hospital
9. Fort McHenry
10. Andersonville
11. scurvy
12. Libby Prison
Comprehension: 21 key ideas/5 pts each/105 total points
1. How many men died of sickness for every one killed in battle in the Union
Army? (1 key idea)
2. Why did so many Civil War soldiers die from sickness? (4 key ideas)
3. Why did so many recruits become ill or die in the army camps? (4 key ideas)
4. What disease might a soldier contract if he drank unsanitary water? (1 key idea)
5. What disease might a soldier contract if he was bitten by a mosquito? (1 key idea)
6. What was the most common of wartime diseases? (1 key idea)
7. In 1862, how many soldiers in the Army of the Potomac suffered from
diarrhea and dysentery? (1 key idea)
8. Describe the typical education a Civil War doctor received. (5 key ideas)
9. What fraction of Civil War soldiers with arm or leg wound underwent
operations to amputate their limbs? (1 key idea)
10. How many Civil War soldiers died of starvation or disease in prisons? (1 key idea)
11. How many Union soldiers died at Andersonville Prison? (1 key idea)
CHAPTER 5: THE PATCHWORK ARMIES
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TERMS TO KNOW
1. Graybeards:
2. Colonel Robert Gould Shaw:
3. Fort Wagner:
Comprehension: 39 key ideas/3 pts. each/117 total points
1. How old were most Civil War soldiers? (1 key idea)
2. What chores did the typical drummer boy do in the army? (6 key ideas)
3. Why did drummer boy Johnny Clem become a legend? (7 key ideas)
4. Who was the oldest soldier in the Civil War? (2 key ideas)
5. What nickname was given to the 37th Iowa Infantry and why? (3 key ideas)
6. Of the two million men who served on the Union side, how many had been
born overseas? (1 key idea)
7. Why did so many immigrants join the two armies? (3 key ideas)
8. What percent of Union forces came from foreign countries? What percent of
Confederate forces were foreign born? (2 key ideas)
9. When did the Union Army begin to openly encourage the recruitment of black
regiments? (1 key idea)
10. What did Colonel Robert Gould Shaw volunteer to do in July of 1863? (2 key ideas)
11. What frightening challenges did this present to the recruits of the 54th
Massachusetts? (5 key ideas)
12. Although the 54th’s charge on Fort Wagner was a military failure, why was it
a triumph for black soldiers? (3 key ideas)
13. According to Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederacy, what would
happen to black soldiers if they were captured? (1 key idea)
14. What law was reluctantly passed by the Confederate Congress in March of
1865? (1 key idea)
15. Why did the southern black volunteers never fight in battle? (1 key idea)
CHAPTER 6: THE LONG ROAD HOME
Comprehension: 31 key ideas/3 pts each/93 total points
1. When did the Confederate army surrender? (1 key idea)
2. Why did the South surrender? (5 key ideas)
3. After the surrender, describe what homecoming was like for Union soldiers.
(8 key ideas)
4. After the surrender, describe what homecoming was like for Confederate
soldiers. (12 key ideas)
5. What happened to Abraham Lincoln less than a week after the surrender?
(2 key ideas)
6. How many soldiers had lost their lives in the Civil War? (1 key idea)
7. What occurred in 1888, on the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg?
(2 key ideas)
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