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Cells & Their Structure and Function
Cell Essential
• How does the structure of a cell impact its function for the living organism?
Question.
Discovery of cells
How were they
discovered?
Compound microscope
Who discovered
them?
Robert Hooke
What was he looking
at?
Looked at cork under a microscope
Why were they
called cells?
When he looked at them they looked
like small rooms monks used called
cells.
Cell Theory:
1. Matthais Schleiden- concluded that all plants are composed of cells.
2. Theodor Schwann- concluded that all animals are composed of cells.
3. Rudolph Virchow- determined that cells come only from other cells.
Three Main Ideas of Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. Cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms
3. all cells come from pre-existing cells
Cell Basics:
1. __structure__ must compliment the function.
2. _cells_ varies widely because they are capable of doing many things.
3. _the size of a cell also_ plays a role in its _function_.
4. A cell’s size is limited_ by its surface area to _volume_ ratio.
2 major types of cells
1. Prokaryote- “pro means no”- lack a nucleus and must internal structured found
in eukaryotic cells. They only contain DNA and/ or RNA and ribosomes along
with cell wall, cytoplasm and plasma membrane. They are much smaller than
eukaryotic cells.
2. Eukaryote- “just like me” “simple” “evolved”- has a nucleus surrounded by
membrane and has other internal organelles surrounded by membranes
- Examples: protest, fungi, and they are animal and plant cells.
2 Major Types of Eukaryotes:
a. Animal- smaller in size, roundish in shape
b. Plant- larger in size, square/rectangular in shape
Organelles: specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function
Organelle
Function
Control center
Structure
Cell Types
Big round circle
Prokaryotes
in the center of
Plants
the cell
Animals
Cell Wall
To protect the
cell
Plasma
Membrane
Regulates what
enters and what
exits the cell
Tough, fairly
rigid layer that
surrounds some
types of cells
Biological
membrane
separating the
interior of the
cell from the
exterior of the
cell
Energy
powerhouse
Nucleus
Provide energy
Mitochondria
Prokaryotes
Plants
Animals
Prokaryotes
Plants
Animals
Prokaryotes
Plants
Animals
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Cell storage
unit
rectangular
Prokaryotes
Plants
Animals
Sunlight into
food or
photosynthesis
Oval with small
round disc in
them
Prokaryotes
Plants
Animals
Protein builders
Small little dots
Prokaryotes
Plants
Animals
Ribosomes
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
Question
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Does it have a
nucleus?
No
Yes
Does it have
membrane bound
organelles?
What kind of
organisms is it
found in?
No
Yes
Bacteria
Animals, plants, fungi, protists
Examples
E.coli
Red blood cells
Which cell evolved
first?
prokaryotes
Eukaryote
Cell Membrane:
AKA-- _plasma__ membrane.
It helps maintain _regulation_.
Homeostasis- regulation of internal environment (balance)
Plasma membrane acts as a _selectively_ permeable membrane; which means:
__choosy; chooses what goes through and helps cell maintain homeostasis__.
Cell diversity:
1. size
2. shape
3. internal organization
Why do cells differ in size, shape and organization? Depending on there job.
Five differences in animal and plants cells:
Plant cells are larger and more rectangular. Animal cells are smaller and more round.
Plant cells have chloroplast and animals don’t. Plant cells have cell walls and animal
cells don’t.
One difference between prokaryote and eukaryote: prokaryote doesn’t have a nucleus
and Eukaryote does have a nucleus.