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Who were the key people in the fight against disease in the nineteenth century? Discovery/Develo Who made it? pment The cowpox EDWARD bacterium can be JENNER used as a vaccine for smallpox. What did they do? Jenner proved that injecting someone with the cowpox bacterium could prevent smallpox by carrying out an experiment on a young boy, James Phipps, and injecting him with cowpox and then injecting him with smallpox. Phipps did not develop smallpox. Pasteur published his findings. Pasteur was asked to find out what was making the beer industries beetroot beer go sour. Through a series of experiments he discovered that the beer was going sour when it had germs in it. Germs make liquids go bad. LOUIS PASTEUR Germs in liquids can be killed by heat. LOUIS PASTEUR Pasteur boiled liquids which had germs in them and then studied the liquid under a microscope to show that all the germs had disappeared. Germs are in the air all around us. LOUIS PASTEUR Pasteur carried out a series of experiments which different shaped flasks to show that germs were in the air. Germs cause disease in animals. LOUIS PASTEUR Louis Pasteur was asked by the French silk industry to find out what was killing their silkworms. Through a series of experiments, he proved that it was a germ. Developed a technique for identifying the specific bacteria which caused disease. Developed a technique for finding germs which are invisible to the human eye. Developed a range of vaccines to prevent disease. ROBERT KOCH Koch developed a method for extracting individual germs from a group of bacteria. He could then inject mice to discover which of these germs was the one that caused a disease. Using this method he was able to find the germs which caused anthrax, blood poisoning and tuberculosis. Koch used industrial dyes to stain bacteria. Using this method he could make invisible germs like the germ which caused blood poisoning visible so that it could be experimented on. ROBERT KOCH LOUIS PASTEUR In the 1880s, Pasteur discovered how vaccination worked and developed vaccines, firstly against animal disease – chicken cholera, anthrax – and then human disease, rabies.