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Music Listening Concepts Melody/Harmony Ascending Descending step (stepwise) leap (leaping) Repetition Sequence Question and answer Improvisation Chord Discord Chord change Baroque Ragtime Romantic Swing Concerto Opera Scots ballads Mouth music Reggae African music Rapping Major/minor (tonality) Drone Broken chord/arpeggio Chord progression – chords I, IV and V (major keys) Change of key Pedal Scale Pentatonic scale Octave Vamp Scat singing Ornament National 4 National 3 Styles Blues Jazz Rock Pop Rock ‘n’ roll Musical Scottish Latin American Rhythm/Tempo Accent / Accented Beat / Pulse Bar; 2, 3 or 4 beats in the bar On the beat / off the beat Repetition Slower / Faster Pause March, Reel, Waltz Drum fill Adagio Allegro Syncopation Scotch snap Strathspey Jig Simple time – 234 444 Compound time Anacrusis Andante Accelerando A tempo Dotted rhythms Texture/Structure/Form Unison / Octave Harmony / Chord Solo Accompanied/ Unaccompanied Repetition Ostinato / Riff Round Canon Ternary – ABA Verse and chorus Middle 8 Theme and variation Cadenza Imitation Timbre/Dynamics Striking (hitting), blowing, bowing, strumming, plucking Orchestra – strings, brass, woodwind and percussion (tuned and un-tuned) Accordion, fiddle, bagpipes acoustic guitar, electric guitar piano, organ, drum kit Steel band, Scottish dance band, folk group voice / choir staccato / legato Brass band Wind band Violin, cello, double bass, harp Flute, clarinet, saxophone, pan pies, recorder Trumpet, trombone Timpani – snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, tambourine, guiro, xylophone, glockenspiel Harpsichord Bass guitar Distortion Muted Soprano, alto, tenor, bass Backing vocals Higher National 5 Symphony Gospel Classical Pibroch Celtic rock Bothy ballad Waulking song Gaelic psalm Aria Chorus Minimalist Indian Sonata Oratorio Impressionist Musique concrete Plainchant Mass String quartets Recitative Chamber music Jazz funk Soul music Atonal Cluster Chord Progression (I, IV, V, VI, Major) Imperfect/ perfect cadence Inverted pedal Chromatic Whole tone scale Grace note Glissando Modulation Contrary motion Trill Syllabic/Melisamtic Countermelody Descant voice Pitch bend Tone/semi-tone Mode/modal Relative major/minor Obbligato (Instrumental) Acciaccatura Mordent Plagal cadence Interrupted cadence Tierce de Picardie Dominant 7th Diminished 7th Added 6th Harmonic minor scale Melodic minor scale Rubato Ritardando Moderato Cross rhythms Compound time – 6/8, 9/8, 12/8 Strophic Binary Rondo Episode Alberti bass Walking bass Ground bass Homophonic Polyphonic Contrapuntal Coda Piccolo, oboe, bassoon French horn, tuba Viola Castanets, hi-hat cymbals, bongo drums Clarsach Bodhran, sitar, tabla Arco, pizzicato Con sordino Flutter tonguing Rolls Reverb Mezzo soprano Baritone A cappella 3 against 2 Time changes Irregular time signatures Augmentation Diminution Through composed Da capo aria Lied Passacaglia Concerto grosso - ritornellos Sonata form – exposition Subject Ritornello Tremolando Harmonics Coloratura Ripieno Concertino String quartet Advanced Higher Renaissance Pavan Galliard Motet Madrigal Anthem Air Ballet Neo-classical Serial Appoggiatura Turn Hemiola Fugue Subject Countersubject Answer Stretto Consort Counter tenor sprechgesang Music Literacy National 3 Melody/Harmony Lines and spaces of the treble clef Steps Repetition National 4 Treble clef stave C-A’ Sequences National 5 Tones, semi-tones Accidentals – flats, sharps and naturals Scales and key signatures – C, G, F major and A minor Chords – C G F major and A minor Leaps Bass clef – E-C Note naming and transposing into bass clef Chords I, IV, V and VI in major and minor keys – diminished, dominant Naming and writing diatonic intervals formed from the tonic Higher Advanced Higher Putting chords to cadence points and melodies Diminished 7th Dominant 7th Added 6th Inversions of major and minor triads Augmented triad Rhythm/Tempo Crotchet Minim Dotted minim Semi breve Barlines Double barlines Semi quaver Grouped semi quavers Paired quavers Repeat signs Dotted rhythms Dotted crotchet Dotted quavers Scotch snap 1st and 2nd time bars 6/8 time Quavers Crotchets Dotted crotchets Dotted minim Semibreve Da capo (dc) Ties Syncopated rhythms Time signature 5/4 Dal segno (ds) Fine Dynamics f – forte p – piano <cresc – crescendo > dim – diminuendo mf – mezzo forte mp – mezzo piano ff – fortissimo pp – pianissimo sfz - sforzando Slurs Accents Staccato marks Phrase marks
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