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С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS «Confirmed» by vice rector on educational work, professor Tulebaev K.A. ____________________ Оf examination tests by Biology for foreign university applicants 1. Define type of chromosomes containing allelic genes: a) unpaired b) somatic c) homologuos d) non-homologuos e) sex 2. Define structure where mutations take place: a) DNA b) proteins c) cell membranes d) lysosomes c) ribosomes 3. Define type of breeding in which splitting by phenotype is 3:1 a) monohybrid with intermediate inheritance b) analysing c) dihybrid d) monohybrid with complete dominance e) monohybrid with incomplete dominance 4. Gene a may exists in three allelic forms: a1, a2, a3. Define correct set of possible heterozygote genotypes in diploid organisms: a) a1a2, a2a3, a1a3 b) a2a2, a2a3, a3a3 c) a3a2, a3a3, a1a1 d) a1a1, a2a2, a3a3 e) a1a1, a2a2, a3a3 5. Humans disease determined by dominant mutant gene localized in X- chromosome. Sickman marriages on healthy woman. Define genetic rick of repetition of this disease in sons: a) 0,5 b) 0,25 c) 1,0 d) 0 e) all sons 6. Homozygotes are organisms having: a) different allelic genes b) similar chromosomes c) having allelic and mutant genes e) having non-allelic genes 7. Heterozygote’s are organisms having: a) different allelic genes b) similar allelic genes c) similar genotypes d) mutant genes e) having allelic and mutant genes 8. Allelic genes localise in: a) sex chromosomes b) different pairs of chromosomes c) different genotypes page 1 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS d) homologous chromosomes e) unpaired chromosomes 9. Define type of breeding characterized by splitting of genotype and phenotype in F1, as 1:2:1 a) monohybrid with complete dominancy b) monohybrid with incomplete dominancy c) polyhydrid with codominancy d) monozygotic breeding e) dizygotic breeding 10. Albinism is genetic autosomal recessive disease Define genotypes of parents whillhave healthy children: a) AA x Aa b) Aa x Aa c) Aa x aa d) all genotypes e) aa x aa 11. Explain development of hemophilia only in man and extremely rare in woman: a) due to dominancy of mutant gene b) recessive gene localized in X-chromosome c) recessive gene localized in autosome d) mutant gene localized in Y-chromosome e) sick woman always die 12. Define main characteristics of cytoplasmatic inheritance: a) mendelian inheritance b) localizations of genes in nucleus c) maternal inheritance d) inheritance from both parents e) X- linked inheritance 13. Recombinative variability develops due to: a) replication of DNA b) transcription of DNA b) crassingover of chromosomes during meiosis d) mitotic division of cells e) crossingover of chromosomes during mitosis 14. Explain probability of increasing of genetic risk in consanguinous marriages: a) Increasing of heterozygotes among off springs b) Increasing of homozygotes among off springs c) decreasing of homozygote genotypes among offsprings d) Increasing of number of children e) Borning only boys in families 15. Deafness determined by recessive genes. Deaf man married woman with normal hearing. Child borned with normal hearing. Define probable genotype of mother: a) ss, ss b) Ss, SS c) Cc, CC d) KK, kk e) Dd, dd page 2 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS 16. Albinism is autosomal recessive disease. Define genotypes of normal ( healthy) parents and sick (albino) child: a) AA, AA, aa b) Aa, AA, Aa c) aa, aa, aa d) Aa, Aa, aa e) aa, aa, Aa 17. Genetic material of haploid cells is called: a) genofund b) genome c) genotype d) genesis e) phenotype 18. Genetic material of diploid cells is called: a) genotype b) genome c) genofund d) gamets e) genoform 19. Define types of inheritance in man: a) autosomal- chromosomal, autosomal- reciprocal, genome-linked b) autosomal- genomic, autosomal- genotypic, chromosomal- linked c) polyphonic, poly- linked, monohybrid d) monohybrid, dihybride, polyhybrid e) autosomal- dominant, autosomal –recessive, sex-linked 20. Define methods of genetic analysis: a) genotypical, phonotypical, modification b) physiological, biophysical, ontogenetical c) genealogical, cytogenetical, biochemical d) generative, penetrative, statistical e) chemical, physical, cytochemical 21. Changes of single gene structure and function are called: a) genomic mutations b) chromosomal mutations c) genotypical mutations d) genic mutations e) recombitative mutations 22. Changesof structure and function of chromosomes are called: a) chromosomal mutations b) genomic mutations c) theoretical mutations d) genic mutations c) phenotypical mutations 23. Mutations resulting in death of their carriers are called: a) vital b) visible c) lethal d) living page 3 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS e) substitutional 24. Define correct set of homozygotes: a) AA, AB, BC b) Aa, Ab, Bc c) aa, Bb, Cd d) aa, Ab, BC e) aa, bb, cc 25. Analysis of pedigree showed presence of disease in mother, sons and grandfather (mother’s father). Define type of inheritance: a) autosomal recessive b) X- linked recessive c) autosomal dominant d) autosomal gonosomal e) X- linked dominant 26. Define correctly genetic diseases: a) bluding, inflammation, proliferation b) tuberculosis, psoriasis, rhematitis c) malaria, hepatitis, toxoplasmosis d) AIDS, cholera, dysenteria e) haemophily, albinism, daltonism 27. Autosomes are chromosomes presenting in: a) only in men b) only in females c) only in children d) in both sexes e) ) only in parents 28. Human somatic cells contain: a) 48 chromosomes b) 46 chromosomes c) 23 chromosomes d) 69 chromosomes e) 45 chromosomes 29. Human maturated gametes contain: a) 46 chromosomes b) 23 chromosomes c) 24 chromosomes d) 48 chromosomes e) 25 chromosomes 30. Organisms having genotype AABb produce gamets: a) AB, AB b) Ab, Ab c) AB, Ab d) ab, ab e) AB,Bb 31. Define analyzing breeding: a) Aa x aa b) AA x aa c) Aa x Aa page 4 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS d) aa x aa e) AA x Aa 32. Mating of two di heterozygotes ( AaBb x AaBb) in case of independent inheritance of genes results in formation number of gamets: a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 3 e) 5 33. Mating of two di heterozygotes (AaBb x AaBb) in case of linked inheritance of genes results in formation number of gamets: a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 6 e) 3 34. Mating of two heterozygote’s (Aa x Aa) in case of complete dominancy result in development of: a) 1 phenotype b) 4 phenotypes c) 2 phenotypes d) 3 phenotypes e) 5 phenotypes 35. Mating of two heterozygotes (Aa x Aa) in case of incomplete dominancy result in development of: a) 1 phenotype b) 2 phenotypes c) 3 phenotypes d) 4 phenotypes e) 5 phenotypes 36. Chromosomal theory of heredity postulates that: a) all genes are dominant b) all genes are recessive c) all genes are conservative d) all genes located in chromosomes e) all genes located in cytoplasm 37. Natural selection acts against: a) mutant genes b) normal genes c) organic genes d) artificial genes e) all genes 38. Mutations take place in: a) membranes of cells b) lysosomes of cells c) rhybosomes of cells d) proteins of cells e) DNA of cells page 5 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS 39. Genes developing in homo- and hetezygotes call: a) intermediate b) dominant c) recessive d) mediate e) conservative 40. Genes developing only in homozygotes call: a) reciprocal b) revealed c) recessive d) mediate e) routine 41. Mating between relatives calls: a) heterogenic b) homogenetic c) out breeding d) inbreeding e) epistatic 42. Genetics studies: a) structure of organs b) structure of body c) functions of organs d) heredity and variability e) interactions of living organisms and environment 43. Gene represents: a) unit of brightness b) unit of heredity c) unit of power d) unit of weight e) unit of height 44. Genetical variability determined by: a) mutations and recombinations of genes b) mutations and recombinations of organs c) mutations and recombinations of organics d) mutations and recombinations of organoids e) mutations and recombinations of phenotypes 45. Monogenic signs control by: a) two pairs of genes b) three pairs of genes c) one pair of genes d) one pair of genomes e) one pair of chromosomes 46. Classification of genes: a) alkyl and di alkyl b) amorfic and neomorfic c) allelic and non- allelic d) colloid and collateral e) nitrogenic and sulfuric page 6 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS 47. Genotype is: a) all organs in organism b) all cells in organism c) all genes in gamets (sex cells) d) all genes in somatic cells e) all tissues in organism 48. Phenotype is: a) all signs, controlling by genes b) all signs, controlling by environment c) all parameters of height and weight d) all genes in organism e) all genotypes in populations 49. Genes control synthesis of: a) lipids b) cells c) vitamins d) sugars e)proteins 50. Polygenic signs control by: a) a few genes b) single gene c) single chromosome d) a few chromosomes e) environmental factors only 51. Genes classify as: a) colored and bright b) specific and typical c) structural and regulatory d) hot and cold e) vegetable and animal 52. Genes localize in: a) cells membrane b) cells nucleus c) ribosomes d) lysosomes e) organs 53. Genetic material localises in: a) lympha b) blood fluid c) mitochondria d) lysosomes e) fluids 54. Define genotype of homozygote: a) ac b) bc c) cd d) aa e) ad page 7 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS 55. Define genotype of heterozygote: a) Cc b) CC c) cc d) aa e) bb 56. Parents have genotypes Aa and aa, define their gametes: a) AA, aa b) Aa, Aa c) A,a d) Aa, aa e) A, A 57. Parents have genotypes AA and BB, define their gametes: a) AA, BB b) A, B c) AB, AB d) A, BB e) AA, Bb 58. Biology studies: a) oceans b) seas c) living organisms d) stones e) acids 59. Living organisms characterize by presence of: a) water, salts, stones b) easy metals, heavy metals, salts c) acids, lupins, luteins d) nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen e) nucleic acids, proteins, lipids 60. Modern representation about gene is: a) one gene –one organ b) one gene -one organism c) one gene –one sign d) one gene –one genotype e) one gene –a few genotypes 61. Define genetic material of cell: a) organoids b) organisms c) DNA molecule d) molecule of water e) molecule of sugar 62. DNA consists from: a) nucleus, oxygen, protein b) RNA, ribosome’s, cytoplasm c) nitrogen bases, sugar, remnants of phosphoric acid d) nitrogen bonds, lipids, remnants of sulfuric acid e) hydrogen bases, salts, remnants of oxygen page 8 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS 63. DNA represents structure consisting from and implementing functions: a) one chain, carrying information about lipids b) double chains, carrying information about salts c) double chains, controlling biosynthesis of proteins d) single chains, controlling biosynthesis of vitamins e) double chains, controlling biosynthesis of metals 64. Define types of RNA s: a) p-RNA, a- RNA, s-RNA b) m-RNA, b-RNA, c-RNA c) l-RNA, g-RNA, d-RNA d) m-RNA, r-RNA, t-RNA e) a-RNA, b-RNA, c-RNA 65. Parents have genotypes AABB and aa bb. Define their gamets and genotypes of offspring: a) AB,ab; Aa Bb; AaBb b) Ab; Ab; AABb; AaBB c) A,B; aabb; aabb d) Ab; AB; Aabb; aaBB e) ab; Ab; AABB; aabb 66. Parents have genotypes AaBb and Aa Bb. Define their gamets in case of independent inheritance: a) AB; AB; ab; ab; b) Aa Bb; AABB; ab; Ab c) AB, Ab; ab; ab d) Aa; Bb; aa; bb e) AB; ab; Ab; aB 67. Black eyes control by dominant gene- A, blue eyes control by recessive gene- a. Man with black eyes married woman with blue eyes. Man is heterozygote. Define genotypes, gamets of parents, genotypes and phenotypes of children: a) AA; Aa; A,A; aa- blue eyes (100%) b) A,A; AA - black eyes ( 100%) c) AA; AA; A,A; AA- black eyes (100%) d) Aa; aa; A,a; Aa, aa- black and blue eyes ( 50%) e) aa; aa; a; a; aa- blue eyes ( 100%) 68. Normal hearing of people develops due to complementary interaction of two dominant genes- D and E, Define genotypes of deaf people: a) DD EE; Dd Ee; b) Dd EE; DD Ee; c) Dd Ee; Dd Ee; d) DD EE; Dd EE; e) dd EE; DD ee; 69. Define factors lying in the basis of evolutions: a) mutations, natural selection b) migrations, artificial selections c) fluctuations, natural resources d) manipulation, isolation e) hybridization, fertility page 9 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS 70. Action of natural selection against dominant mutations results in: a) elimination of recessive genes, increasing of dominant genes b) elimination of homozygote by recessive genes, increasing of their fertility c) elimination of dominant genes, decreasing their frequency in population d) elimination of homozygotes and heterozygotes by recessive genes e) decreasing of homo – and heterozygotes by recessive gene 71. Hardy- Weinberg’s law describes: a) all populations b) small populations c) large populations d) interaction of populations e) ideal populations 72. Demographic factors influencing on genetic structure of population include: a) types of genotypes, indexes of weight and height b) types of breeding, sex and age ratios c) types of genotypes, indexes of growth and speed d) mutations, migrations, natural selections e) ratios of growth, mortality and economical development of population 73. Elementary evolutional processes acting in populations include: a) sex, age, weight ratios b) out breeding, inbreeding, incests c) mutations, migrations, natural selection d) mutuality, isolation, artificial selections e) ratios of birth, mortality and economical development of populations 74. Genetic risk defines as: a) probability of borning of twins in family b) probability of borning of child with infectious disease c) probability of borning of child with phemonia d) probability of borning of child with hereditary diseases e) probability of borning many children in family 75. Classification of humans diseases: a) parasytic, genetic, infections b) simple, complex, aggregate c) cooperative, coordinative, graduated d) inflamational, insiding, outsiding e) short, long, intermediate 76. Define most important clinical signs of genetic diseases in newborns: a) congenital inflammations. acceleration of mental and physical development b) congenital toxoplasmosis, influenza, dysenteria c) congenital viral diseases, normal body weight and height d) medical abortions, increasing of weight and height e) congenital malformations, physical and mental retardation 77. Define types of cells: a) small, large b) genetic, non – genetic c) prokaryotic, eukaryotic d) prokardiac, eukardiac e) proclaimed, provocative page 10 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS 78. Define types of cells by their functions: a) somatic, sex b) solenoid, simple c) monopletic, dupletic d) morphological, functional e) internal, external 79. Somatic cells are: a) haploid, sex cells b) diploid, sex cells c) haploid and diploid, sex and body cells d) diploid, body cells e) diploid, maturated gametes 80. Sex cells are: a) diploid, maturated egg cells b) haploid primary, un maturated spermatozoids c) maturated haploid gamets d) all cells of humans e) only embryonic cells 81. Genetic material of cells localises in: a) cytoplasm, lysosomes, ribosomes b) lympha, urine, water c) nucleus, chromosomes, mitochondria d) membranes, intercellular space, extracellular space e) all organoids of cell 82. Define type of cells in man: a) somatic, sex b) soft, hard c) organic, non – organic d) single, multiple e) round, sguare 83. Define type of chromosomes in man: a) autologuos, separate chromosomes b) single and multiple chromosomes c) short and long chromosomes d) amorphic and monomarphic chromosomes e) autosomes, sex chromosomes 84. Define types of chromosomes in cell: a) homologous, non – homologous b) homogenic, heterogenic c) right and left d) allelic, non – allelic e) somatic, non – somatic 85. Monogenic sighs control by: a) a few pairs of genes b) a few pairs of chromosomes c) one pair of genes d) one pair of chromosomes e) one pair of gamets page 11 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS 86. Define types of inheritance: a) single, multiple, straight b) autosomal, dominant, recessive c) autonomuos, autologuas, remaining d) genome – linked, separate, reciprocal e) genotype – linked, homozygote, heterozygote 87. Ontogenesis is: a) historical development b) phylogenetical development c) organical development d) individual development e) integrative development 88. Human blood groups by ABO system control by three allelic genes: I A and I B – dominant; I 0 (i) – recessive. Define genotypes of men with 2 blood group: a) I 0 I 0, I 0 I B b) I B I B, I 0 I 0 c) I A I B, I 0 I 0 d) I A I A, I A I 0 e) I B I 0, I B I B 89. Human blood groups by ABO system control by three allelic genes: I A and I B – dominant; I 0 (i) – recessive. Define genotypes of men with 3 blood group: a) I B I B, I B I 0 b) I A I A, I A I 0 c) I A I B, I 0 I 0 d) I A I 0, I 0 I 0 e) I A I B, I A I B 90. Define genotypes of men with 4 blood group: a) I 0 I 0, I A I 0 b) I A I A, I B I B c) I A I 0, I A I 0 d) i i, I A I A e) I A I B, I A I B 91. Define genotypes of persons called «universal donors» a) I 0 I A b) I A I A c) I 0 I 0 d) I A I B e) I B I 0 92. Define genotypes of persons called «universal recipients» a) I 0 I 0 b) I A I A c) I B I B d) I A I 0 e) I A I B 93. DNA is: a) polypeptides b) polyamines c) polynucleotides page 12 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS d) polymetalss e) poly phenols 94. RNA is: a) ribosomic acid b) residual acid c) recombinative acid d) ribonucleic acid e) reciprocal acid 95. Doubling of DNA is called: a) reversion b) reception c) recombination d) revertation e) replication 96. Transcription is process of: a) synthesis of proteins b) synthesis of m – RNA c) doubling of DNA d) doubling of RNA e) synthesis of polyamines 97. Cells consist from: a) nucleus, cytoplasm, organoids b) organ, tissues, lympha c) organisms, populations, metals d) water, salts, metals e) nitrogenic, phosphoric, sulfuric acids 98. Gene is elementary unit of: a) cells b) organ c) tissue d) heredity e) organism 99. Different forms of gene call: a) mutons b) recons c) allels d) alternatives e) genotypes 100. Genetic material of cells localizes in: a) chromosomes, DNA, genome b) membranes, CAN, urine c) organs, organisms, populations d) intracellur spase, water, globules e) in all organoids of cells 101. Mutation develops due to changes of structure and functions of: a) organs, organisms, organoids b) cells, tissues, liquids c) populations, societies, communities page 13 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS d) migration, manipulation, manifestation e) genes, chromosomes, genomes 102. Nucleic acids are localized in genetic material of: a) nucleus, lysosomes, lyposomes b) nucleus, Golghi apparatus, cell membranes c) nucleus, mytochondria, chromosomes d) nucleus, lipases, ligaments e) nucleus, nucleic membrane, riboflavin 103. Eucaryotic gene is characterized by: a) ring form, contains exons and introns, has low coding potential b) linear form, contains only exons, has high coding potential c) linear form, contains exons and introns, has high coding potential d) spherical form, contains exons and introns, has high coding potential e) linear form, completely replicated, is lengthened after replication 104. Procaryotic genes are characteised by: a) ring form, contain exons, take part in the process of transcription b) linear form, mainly contain exons, take part in the process of reception c) mainly contain introns, functionate in nucleus, take part in the process of coordination d) mainly contain exons, functionate in cytoplasm, take part in the process of reversion e) mainly contain exons, functionate in nucleus, take part in the process of transversion 105. Modern notions about genes are: a) gene is elementary structural-functional unit of mutation, recombination and function b) gene controls synthesis of one polypeptide chain c) codon is functional unit of gene d) gene controls synthesis of polysaccharides e) genes are localized only in membranes of cell 106. Eucaryotic structural genes as a rule have: a) polycystronic structure, consist from introns b) polychromatic structure, consist from aminoacids c) polycystronic structure, consist from only exons d) exons and introns, monocystronic structure e) introns, polycystronic structure 107. Procaryotic structural genes as a rule have: a) polycystronic structure b) monocystronic structure c) ring shape d) only introns e) exons and introns 108. Coding part of eukaryotic gene contains: a) codons, coordinators, cooperators b) triplets, triplexs, operator c) codons, aminoacids, ribosomes d) triplets, codons, exons e) codons, operator, promotor 109. Smallest unit of mutation (muton) is equal to: a) 2 nucleotides b) 1 nucleotide c) 1 gene page 14 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS d) 4 nucleotides e) 6 nucleotides 110. Synonym of gene is: a) chromonema b) chromosome c) nucleosome d) allel c) chromatid 111. Parts of gene, coding aminoacids (proteins) are called: a) operators b) triplexes c) promoters d) codons e) duplexes 112. Gene is: a) part of molecule of RNA, controlling synthesis of one polypeptide chain b) part of molecule of DNA, controlling synthesis of one polypeptide chain c) part of molecule of DNA, controlling synthesis of one aminoacid d) part of molecule of DNA, controlling synthesis of lipids e) part of molecule of DNA, controlling synthesis a few different genes 113. Products of genes are: a) proteins, lipids, cell organoids b) proteins, enzymes, polypeptides c) proteins, vitamins, metals d) proteins, sugars, salts e) proteins, lipids, sugars 114. Chains of DNA participatating in replication and transcription are called: a) collegial, codominant, copying b) coding, matrix, sensitive c) continuous, simple, complex d) universal, unique, linear e) ligamentosic, lactozic, cyclic 115. Messenger RNA (m – RNA) is a product of: a) replication, reparation, translation of DNA (gene) b) transcription, translation, procession of DNA (gene) c) transcription, transcribing information, activity of DNA (gene) d) transcription, transition, transversion of DNA (gene) e) reversion, repression and conversion of DNA (gene) 116. DNA chains are called: a) co-dominant, cooperating, matrix b) coenzyme, consulting, coding c) matrix, marker, small d) matrix, coding, leading e)matrix, lipid, ligase 117. Define correct combination of three meaningless (stop) codons: a) UUU, UАА, UUА b) UАА, UАC, UАU c) UАА,UGА, UАG page 15 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS d) UАА, UАG, UАC e) UUА, UАА, UCC 118. Define correct combination of meaningful (coding) triplets: a) UUU, UАC, UАG b) UАА, UАC, UАG c) UUU,UАА, UАG d) UАC, UCC, UCG e) UАА, UGА, UАG 119. Property of genetic code evidenced unity living organisms is: a) triplet ness b) universality c) degenerativness d) collinearity e) conservativity 120. Property of genetic code, when one aminoacid is coded by three adjacent nucleotides is called: a) degenerative ness b) triplet ness c) universality d) overlapping e) specificity 121. Property of genetic code when one aminoacid codes by 1 to 6 codons is called: a) degenerative ness b) triplet ness c) universality d) overlapping e) specificity 122. Property of genetic code when one nucleotide is written only once is called: a) degenerative b) tripletness c) universality d) non – overlapping e) specificity 123. Gene activity results in: a) lipid synthesis b) protein synthesis c) sugar synthesis d) energy synthesis e) protein destroying 124. Chromatin is subdivided on: a) light and colour chromation b) euchromatin and heterochromatin c) remaining chromatin and heterochromatin d) heterochromatin and homochromatin e) obligate heterochromatin and light chromatin 125. Belong to eukaryotes: a) viruses, plants, bacteria b) viruses, phags, man page 16 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS c) man, retrovirus, bacterium E. coli d) man, cat, mouse e) man, arbovirus, mycobacterium tuberculosis 126. Genetic material of prokaryotes represented by: a) ring chromosome b) colchate chromosome c) aminoacids d) ring polypeptide chain e) ring polysaccharide chain 127. Genetic material of haploid set of chromosomes is called: a) phenotype b) genotype c) genome d) genofund e) karyotype 128. Factors breaking mitosis: a) antibiotics b) low doses of ionized radiation c) phytogemagglutinin d) high doses of radiation e) growth factors 129. Mutations which are called lethal: a) disturb sex development of man b) result in death of embryon c) disturb growth of man d) disturb metabolism of lipids e) arise only in somatic cells 130 . Spontaneous changes of DNA are called: a) reparations b) reduplications c) mutations d) transcriptions e) translations 131. Induced mutations are characterized by: a) arise spontaneously, occasionally, without influence of any factors b) changes, result from influence of infections diseases c) arise by the influence of known natural factors d) mutations, arising only in sex cells e) mutations obligatory result in death of organism 132. Sign repressing occurrence of alternative sign in heterozygotes is: a) recessive b) dominant c) intermediate d) codominant e) incomplete dominant 133. Sign arising only in homozygotes is: a) recessive b) dominant page 17 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS c) intermediate d) codominant e) incomplete dominant 134. Type of inheritance of signs (diseases) may be: a) autogenic and autosomal b) autosomal and sex – linked c) genome – linked and dominant d) sex – and age – linked e) genotype – linked dominant or recessive 135. Breeding of homozygotic organisms distinguishing by one pair of alternative signs in case of complete dominancy is characterized in F1 by: a) dominancy and splitting b) similarity and recessivness c) dominancy and similarity d) appearance of homozygotes e) appearance of hemizygotes 136. Crossing – over takes place in: a) mitosis I, metaphase I, meosis II b) meosis II, anaphase I, mitosis II c) zygotene, meosis II, mitosis II d) pachytene, meosis I, prophase of meosis I e) diplotene, meosis I, anaphase of meosis II 137. Define type of inheritance of haemophilia: a) X – linked dominant b) holandric c) X – linked recessive d) cytoplasmatic e) Y – linked 138. Blood groups of people by ABO system are controlled by: a) allelic and nonallelic genes b) nonallelic and polymeric genes c) dominant and nonallelic genes d) recessive and heterozygotic genes e) recessive and dominant allelic genes 139. Forms of interaction of allelic genes: a) complementary and dominancy b) epistasis and dominancy c) codominancy and dominancy d) codominancy and epistasis e) incomplete dominancy and polymery 140. AB (IV) blood group is example of interaction of: a) recessive and intermediate genes b) neutral and codominant genes c) codominant and allelic genes d) non allelic and dominant genes e) allelic and polymeric genes 141. Ontogenesis-is: a) individual development from birth to death. page 18 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS b) historical development of the individual c) embryonic development of the individual d) development of organism from a fertilized egg to birth e) complete cycle of individual development, based on the realization of hereditary program 142. Prenatal ontogenesis includes periods: a) infant, preschool, school b) reproductive, underreproductive, postreproductive c) underdelivery, afterdelivery, childhood d) placentaric, elderic, senile e) fetal, embryonic, prenatal 143. Embryonic cells after the first division are called: a) differentiated, pluripotent, polygenic b) minipotent,monopotent, monogenic c) monopotent,undifferentiated, mature d) totipotent, undifferentiated, pluripotent e) monozygotic ,undifferentiated,polygradient 144. Inbreeding – is: a) unrelated marriage b) marriage of persons with similar genotypes c) marriage between persons of tribe d) accumulational marriage e) accreditation marriage 145. Consanguinuos marriages result in: a) increasing of heterozygosity and viability of offspring b) increasing of homozygosity and decreasing of viability of offspring c) decreasing of heterozygosity and increasing of viability of offspring d) decreasing of frequency of genetic diseases and homozygotes e) increasing of frequency of infectious diseases and heterozygotes 146. Action of natural selection against recessive diseases results in: a) elimination of dominant allele and decreasing of frequency of heterozygotes b) elimination of heterozygotes and to the decreasing of their frequency c) elimination of recessive allele and decreasing of their frequency d) increasing of frequency of recessive gene and increasing of frequency of heterozygotes e) decreasing of frequency of dominant gene and heterozygotes 147. Action of natural selection against dominant disease leads to: a) elimination of recessive homozygotes b) elimination of recessive allele and heterozygotes c) increasing of frequency of dominant gene and heterozygotes d) decreasing of frequency and elimination of dominant genes e) decreasing of frequency of recessive gene and homozygotes 148. Action of natural selection in haemolytic disease of newborn is example of action: a) in favour of homozygotes b) against homozygotes c) against heterozygotes d) in favour of recessive allel e) in favour of dominant allel 149. Types of populations: a) darvinian, simple, complex page 19 on 20 С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS b) mendelian, panmix, isolated c) outbred, mixed, composed d) inbred, widespread, linear e) outbred, cyclic, comfortable 150. Factors increasing genetical polymorphism of population: a) gene drift, isolation b) outbreeding, mutations c) inbreeding, incest d) isolation and gene drift e) inbreeding and isolation Head of Department, Professor Kuandykov E.U. page 20 on 20