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С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
«Confirmed» by vice rector
on educational work,
professor Tulebaev K.A.
____________________
Оf examination tests by Biology for foreign university applicants
1. Define type of chromosomes containing allelic genes:
a) unpaired
b) somatic
c) homologuos
d) non-homologuos
e) sex
2. Define structure where mutations take place:
a) DNA b) proteins c) cell membranes d) lysosomes c) ribosomes
3. Define type of breeding in which splitting by phenotype is 3:1
a) monohybrid with intermediate inheritance
b) analysing
c) dihybrid
d) monohybrid with complete dominance
e) monohybrid with incomplete dominance
4. Gene a may exists in three allelic forms: a1, a2, a3. Define correct set of possible
heterozygote genotypes in diploid organisms:
a) a1a2, a2a3, a1a3
b) a2a2, a2a3, a3a3
c) a3a2, a3a3, a1a1
d) a1a1, a2a2, a3a3
e) a1a1, a2a2, a3a3
5. Humans disease determined by dominant mutant gene localized in X- chromosome.
Sickman marriages on healthy woman. Define genetic rick of repetition of this disease in
sons:
a) 0,5 b) 0,25 c) 1,0 d) 0 e) all sons
6. Homozygotes are organisms having:
a) different allelic genes
b) similar chromosomes
c) having allelic and mutant genes
e) having non-allelic genes
7. Heterozygote’s are organisms having:
a) different allelic genes
b) similar allelic genes
c) similar genotypes
d) mutant genes
e) having allelic and mutant genes
8. Allelic genes localise in:
a) sex chromosomes
b) different pairs of chromosomes
c) different genotypes
page 1 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
d) homologous chromosomes
e) unpaired chromosomes
9. Define type of breeding characterized by splitting of genotype and phenotype in F1, as
1:2:1
a) monohybrid with complete dominancy
b) monohybrid with incomplete dominancy
c) polyhydrid with codominancy
d) monozygotic breeding
e) dizygotic breeding
10. Albinism is genetic autosomal recessive disease Define genotypes of parents whillhave
healthy children:
a) AA x Aa
b) Aa x Aa
c) Aa x aa
d) all genotypes
e) aa x aa
11. Explain development of hemophilia only in man and extremely rare in woman:
a) due to dominancy of mutant gene
b) recessive gene localized in X-chromosome
c) recessive gene localized in autosome
d) mutant gene localized in Y-chromosome
e) sick woman always die
12. Define main characteristics of cytoplasmatic inheritance:
a) mendelian inheritance
b) localizations of genes in nucleus
c) maternal inheritance
d) inheritance from both parents
e) X- linked inheritance
13. Recombinative variability develops due to:
a) replication of DNA
b) transcription of DNA
b) crassingover of chromosomes during meiosis
d) mitotic division of cells
e) crossingover of chromosomes during mitosis
14. Explain probability of increasing of genetic risk in consanguinous marriages:
a) Increasing of heterozygotes among off springs
b) Increasing of homozygotes among off springs
c) decreasing of homozygote genotypes among offsprings
d) Increasing of number of children
e) Borning only boys in families
15. Deafness determined by recessive genes. Deaf man married woman with normal
hearing. Child borned with normal hearing. Define probable genotype of mother:
a) ss, ss
b) Ss, SS
c) Cc, CC
d) KK, kk
e) Dd, dd
page 2 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
16. Albinism is autosomal recessive disease. Define genotypes of normal ( healthy) parents
and sick (albino) child:
a) AA, AA, aa
b) Aa, AA, Aa
c) aa, aa, aa
d) Aa, Aa, aa
e) aa, aa, Aa
17. Genetic material of haploid cells is called:
a) genofund
b) genome
c) genotype
d) genesis
e) phenotype
18. Genetic material of diploid cells is called:
a) genotype
b) genome
c) genofund
d) gamets
e) genoform
19. Define types of inheritance in man:
a) autosomal- chromosomal, autosomal- reciprocal, genome-linked
b) autosomal- genomic, autosomal- genotypic, chromosomal- linked
c) polyphonic, poly- linked, monohybrid
d) monohybrid, dihybride, polyhybrid
e) autosomal- dominant, autosomal –recessive, sex-linked
20. Define methods of genetic analysis:
a) genotypical, phonotypical, modification
b) physiological, biophysical, ontogenetical
c) genealogical, cytogenetical, biochemical
d) generative, penetrative, statistical
e) chemical, physical, cytochemical
21. Changes of single gene structure and function are called:
a) genomic mutations
b) chromosomal mutations
c) genotypical mutations
d) genic mutations
e) recombitative mutations
22. Changesof structure and function of chromosomes are called:
a) chromosomal mutations
b) genomic mutations
c) theoretical mutations
d) genic mutations
c) phenotypical mutations
23. Mutations resulting in death of their carriers are called:
a) vital
b) visible
c) lethal
d) living
page 3 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
e) substitutional
24. Define correct set of homozygotes:
a) AA, AB, BC
b) Aa, Ab, Bc
c) aa, Bb, Cd
d) aa, Ab, BC
e) aa, bb, cc
25. Analysis of pedigree showed presence of disease in mother, sons and grandfather
(mother’s father). Define type of inheritance:
a) autosomal recessive
b) X- linked recessive
c) autosomal dominant
d) autosomal gonosomal
e) X- linked dominant
26. Define correctly genetic diseases:
a) bluding, inflammation, proliferation
b) tuberculosis, psoriasis, rhematitis
c) malaria, hepatitis, toxoplasmosis
d) AIDS, cholera, dysenteria
e) haemophily, albinism, daltonism
27. Autosomes are chromosomes presenting in:
a) only in men
b) only in females
c) only in children
d) in both sexes
e) ) only in parents
28. Human somatic cells contain:
a) 48 chromosomes
b) 46 chromosomes
c) 23 chromosomes
d) 69 chromosomes
e) 45 chromosomes
29. Human maturated gametes contain:
a) 46 chromosomes
b) 23 chromosomes
c) 24 chromosomes
d) 48 chromosomes
e) 25 chromosomes
30. Organisms having genotype AABb produce gamets:
a) AB, AB
b) Ab, Ab
c) AB, Ab
d) ab, ab
e) AB,Bb
31. Define analyzing breeding:
a) Aa x aa
b) AA x aa
c) Aa x Aa
page 4 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
d) aa x aa
e) AA x Aa
32. Mating of two di heterozygotes ( AaBb x AaBb) in case of independent inheritance of
genes results in formation number of gamets:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 3
e) 5
33. Mating of two di heterozygotes (AaBb x AaBb) in case of linked inheritance of genes
results in formation number of gamets:
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
e) 3
34. Mating of two heterozygote’s (Aa x Aa) in case of complete dominancy result in
development of:
a) 1 phenotype
b) 4 phenotypes
c) 2 phenotypes
d) 3 phenotypes
e) 5 phenotypes
35. Mating of two heterozygotes (Aa x Aa) in case of incomplete dominancy result in
development of:
a) 1 phenotype
b) 2 phenotypes
c) 3 phenotypes
d) 4 phenotypes
e) 5 phenotypes
36. Chromosomal theory of heredity postulates that:
a) all genes are dominant
b) all genes are recessive
c) all genes are conservative
d) all genes located in chromosomes
e) all genes located in cytoplasm
37. Natural selection acts against:
a) mutant genes
b) normal genes
c) organic genes
d) artificial genes
e) all genes
38. Mutations take place in:
a) membranes of cells
b) lysosomes of cells
c) rhybosomes of cells
d) proteins of cells
e) DNA of cells
page 5 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
39. Genes developing in homo- and hetezygotes call:
a) intermediate
b) dominant
c) recessive
d) mediate
e) conservative
40. Genes developing only in homozygotes call:
a) reciprocal
b) revealed
c) recessive
d) mediate
e) routine
41. Mating between relatives calls:
a) heterogenic
b) homogenetic
c) out breeding
d) inbreeding
e) epistatic
42. Genetics studies:
a) structure of organs
b) structure of body
c) functions of organs
d) heredity and variability
e) interactions of living organisms and environment
43. Gene represents:
a) unit of brightness
b) unit of heredity
c) unit of power
d) unit of weight
e) unit of height
44. Genetical variability determined by:
a) mutations and recombinations of genes
b) mutations and recombinations of organs
c) mutations and recombinations of organics
d) mutations and recombinations of organoids
e) mutations and recombinations of phenotypes
45. Monogenic signs control by:
a) two pairs of genes
b) three pairs of genes
c) one pair of genes
d) one pair of genomes
e) one pair of chromosomes
46. Classification of genes:
a) alkyl and di alkyl
b) amorfic and neomorfic
c) allelic and non- allelic
d) colloid and collateral
e) nitrogenic and sulfuric
page 6 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
47. Genotype is:
a) all organs in organism
b) all cells in organism
c) all genes in gamets (sex cells)
d) all genes in somatic cells
e) all tissues in organism
48. Phenotype is:
a) all signs, controlling by genes
b) all signs, controlling by environment
c) all parameters of height and weight
d) all genes in organism
e) all genotypes in populations
49. Genes control synthesis of:
a) lipids
b) cells
c) vitamins
d) sugars
e)proteins
50. Polygenic signs control by:
a) a few genes
b) single gene
c) single chromosome
d) a few chromosomes
e) environmental factors only
51. Genes classify as:
a) colored and bright
b) specific and typical
c) structural and regulatory
d) hot and cold
e) vegetable and animal
52. Genes localize in:
a) cells membrane
b) cells nucleus
c) ribosomes
d) lysosomes
e) organs
53. Genetic material localises in:
a) lympha
b) blood fluid
c) mitochondria
d) lysosomes
e) fluids
54. Define genotype of homozygote:
a) ac
b) bc
c) cd
d) aa
e) ad
page 7 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
55. Define genotype of heterozygote:
a) Cc
b) CC
c) cc
d) aa
e) bb
56. Parents have genotypes Aa and aa, define their gametes:
a) AA, aa
b) Aa, Aa
c) A,a
d) Aa, aa
e) A, A
57. Parents have genotypes AA and BB, define their gametes:
a) AA, BB
b) A, B
c) AB, AB
d) A, BB
e) AA, Bb
58. Biology studies:
a) oceans
b) seas
c) living organisms
d) stones
e) acids
59. Living organisms characterize by presence of:
a) water, salts, stones
b) easy metals, heavy metals, salts
c) acids, lupins, luteins
d) nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen
e) nucleic acids, proteins, lipids
60. Modern representation about gene is:
a) one gene –one organ
b) one gene -one organism
c) one gene –one sign
d) one gene –one genotype
e) one gene –a few genotypes
61. Define genetic material of cell:
a) organoids
b) organisms
c) DNA molecule
d) molecule of water
e) molecule of sugar
62. DNA consists from:
a) nucleus, oxygen, protein
b) RNA, ribosome’s, cytoplasm
c) nitrogen bases, sugar, remnants of phosphoric acid
d) nitrogen bonds, lipids, remnants of sulfuric acid
e) hydrogen bases, salts, remnants of oxygen
page 8 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
63. DNA represents structure consisting from and implementing functions:
a) one chain, carrying information about lipids
b) double chains, carrying information about salts
c) double chains, controlling biosynthesis of proteins
d) single chains, controlling biosynthesis of vitamins
e) double chains, controlling biosynthesis of metals
64. Define types of RNA s:
a) p-RNA, a- RNA, s-RNA
b) m-RNA, b-RNA, c-RNA
c) l-RNA, g-RNA, d-RNA
d) m-RNA, r-RNA, t-RNA
e) a-RNA, b-RNA, c-RNA
65. Parents have genotypes AABB and aa bb. Define their gamets and genotypes of
offspring:
a) AB,ab; Aa Bb; AaBb
b) Ab; Ab; AABb; AaBB
c) A,B; aabb; aabb
d) Ab; AB; Aabb; aaBB
e) ab; Ab; AABB; aabb
66. Parents have genotypes AaBb and Aa Bb. Define their gamets in case of independent
inheritance:
a) AB; AB; ab; ab;
b) Aa Bb; AABB; ab; Ab
c) AB, Ab; ab; ab
d) Aa; Bb; aa; bb
e) AB; ab; Ab; aB
67. Black eyes control by dominant gene- A, blue eyes control by recessive gene- a. Man
with black eyes married woman with blue eyes. Man is heterozygote. Define genotypes,
gamets of parents, genotypes and phenotypes of children:
a) AA; Aa; A,A; aa- blue eyes (100%)
b) A,A; AA - black eyes ( 100%)
c) AA; AA; A,A; AA- black eyes (100%)
d) Aa; aa; A,a; Aa, aa- black and blue eyes ( 50%)
e) aa; aa; a; a; aa- blue eyes ( 100%)
68. Normal hearing of people develops due to complementary interaction of two dominant
genes- D and E, Define genotypes of deaf people:
a) DD EE; Dd Ee;
b) Dd EE; DD Ee;
c) Dd Ee; Dd Ee;
d) DD EE; Dd EE;
e) dd EE; DD ee;
69. Define factors lying in the basis of evolutions:
a) mutations, natural selection
b) migrations, artificial selections
c) fluctuations, natural resources
d) manipulation, isolation
e) hybridization, fertility
page 9 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
70. Action of natural selection against dominant mutations results in:
a) elimination of recessive genes, increasing of dominant genes
b) elimination of homozygote by recessive genes, increasing of their fertility
c) elimination of dominant genes, decreasing their frequency in population
d) elimination of homozygotes and heterozygotes by recessive genes
e) decreasing of homo – and heterozygotes by recessive gene
71. Hardy- Weinberg’s law describes:
a) all populations
b) small populations
c) large populations
d) interaction of populations
e) ideal populations
72. Demographic factors influencing on genetic structure of population include:
a) types of genotypes, indexes of weight and height
b) types of breeding, sex and age ratios
c) types of genotypes, indexes of growth and speed
d) mutations, migrations, natural selections
e) ratios of growth, mortality and economical development of population
73. Elementary evolutional processes acting in populations include:
a) sex, age, weight ratios
b) out breeding, inbreeding, incests
c) mutations, migrations, natural selection
d) mutuality, isolation, artificial selections
e) ratios of birth, mortality and economical development of populations
74. Genetic risk defines as:
a) probability of borning of twins in family
b) probability of borning of child with infectious disease
c) probability of borning of child with phemonia
d) probability of borning of child with hereditary diseases
e) probability of borning many children in family
75. Classification of humans diseases:
a) parasytic, genetic, infections
b) simple, complex, aggregate
c) cooperative, coordinative, graduated
d) inflamational, insiding, outsiding
e) short, long, intermediate
76. Define most important clinical signs of genetic diseases in newborns:
a) congenital inflammations. acceleration of mental and physical development
b) congenital toxoplasmosis, influenza, dysenteria
c) congenital viral diseases, normal body weight and height
d) medical abortions, increasing of weight and height
e) congenital malformations, physical and mental retardation
77. Define types of cells:
a) small, large
b) genetic, non – genetic
c) prokaryotic, eukaryotic
d) prokardiac, eukardiac
e) proclaimed, provocative
page 10 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
78. Define types of cells by their functions:
a) somatic, sex
b) solenoid, simple
c) monopletic, dupletic
d) morphological, functional
e) internal, external
79. Somatic cells are:
a) haploid, sex cells
b) diploid, sex cells
c) haploid and diploid, sex and body cells
d) diploid, body cells
e) diploid, maturated gametes
80. Sex cells are:
a) diploid, maturated egg cells
b) haploid primary, un maturated spermatozoids
c) maturated haploid gamets
d) all cells of humans
e) only embryonic cells
81. Genetic material of cells localises in:
a) cytoplasm, lysosomes, ribosomes
b) lympha, urine, water
c) nucleus, chromosomes, mitochondria
d) membranes, intercellular space, extracellular space
e) all organoids of cell
82. Define type of cells in man:
a) somatic, sex
b) soft, hard
c) organic, non – organic
d) single, multiple
e) round, sguare
83. Define type of chromosomes in man:
a) autologuos, separate chromosomes
b) single and multiple chromosomes
c) short and long chromosomes
d) amorphic and monomarphic chromosomes
e) autosomes, sex chromosomes
84. Define types of chromosomes in cell:
a) homologous, non – homologous
b) homogenic, heterogenic
c) right and left
d) allelic, non – allelic
e) somatic, non – somatic
85. Monogenic sighs control by:
a) a few pairs of genes
b) a few pairs of chromosomes
c) one pair of genes
d) one pair of chromosomes
e) one pair of gamets
page 11 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
86. Define types of inheritance:
a) single, multiple, straight
b) autosomal, dominant, recessive
c) autonomuos, autologuas, remaining
d) genome – linked, separate, reciprocal
e) genotype – linked, homozygote, heterozygote
87. Ontogenesis is:
a) historical development
b) phylogenetical development
c) organical development
d) individual development
e) integrative development
88. Human blood groups by ABO system control by three allelic genes: I A and I B –
dominant; I 0 (i) – recessive. Define genotypes of men with 2 blood group:
a) I 0 I 0, I 0 I B
b) I B I B, I 0 I 0
c) I A I B, I 0 I 0
d) I A I A, I A I 0
e) I B I 0, I B I B
89. Human blood groups by ABO system control by three allelic genes: I A and I B –
dominant; I 0 (i) – recessive. Define genotypes of men with 3 blood group:
a) I B I B, I B I 0
b) I A I A, I A I 0
c) I A I B, I 0 I 0
d) I A I 0, I 0 I 0
e) I A I B, I A I B
90. Define genotypes of men with 4 blood group:
a) I 0 I 0, I A I 0
b) I A I A, I B I B
c) I A I 0, I A I 0
d) i i, I A I A
e) I A I B, I A I B
91. Define genotypes of persons called «universal donors»
a) I 0 I A
b) I A I A
c) I 0 I 0
d) I A I B
e) I B I 0
92. Define genotypes of persons called «universal recipients»
a) I 0 I 0
b) I A I A
c) I B I B
d) I A I 0
e) I A I B
93. DNA is:
a) polypeptides
b) polyamines
c) polynucleotides
page 12 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
d) polymetalss
e) poly phenols
94. RNA is:
a) ribosomic acid
b) residual acid
c) recombinative acid
d) ribonucleic acid
e) reciprocal acid
95. Doubling of DNA is called:
a) reversion
b) reception
c) recombination
d) revertation
e) replication
96. Transcription is process of:
a) synthesis of proteins
b) synthesis of m – RNA
c) doubling of DNA
d) doubling of RNA
e) synthesis of polyamines
97. Cells consist from:
a) nucleus, cytoplasm, organoids
b) organ, tissues, lympha
c) organisms, populations, metals
d) water, salts, metals
e) nitrogenic, phosphoric, sulfuric acids
98. Gene is elementary unit of:
a) cells
b) organ
c) tissue
d) heredity
e) organism
99. Different forms of gene call:
a) mutons
b) recons
c) allels
d) alternatives
e) genotypes
100. Genetic material of cells localizes in:
a) chromosomes, DNA, genome
b) membranes, CAN, urine
c) organs, organisms, populations
d) intracellur spase, water, globules
e) in all organoids of cells
101. Mutation develops due to changes of structure and functions of:
a) organs, organisms, organoids
b) cells, tissues, liquids
c) populations, societies, communities
page 13 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
d) migration, manipulation, manifestation
e) genes, chromosomes, genomes
102. Nucleic acids are localized in genetic material of:
a) nucleus, lysosomes, lyposomes
b) nucleus, Golghi apparatus, cell membranes
c) nucleus, mytochondria, chromosomes
d) nucleus, lipases, ligaments
e) nucleus, nucleic membrane, riboflavin
103. Eucaryotic gene is characterized by:
a) ring form, contains exons and introns, has low coding potential
b) linear form, contains only exons, has high coding potential
c) linear form, contains exons and introns, has high coding potential
d) spherical form, contains exons and introns, has high coding potential
e) linear form, completely replicated, is lengthened after replication
104. Procaryotic genes are characteised by:
a) ring form, contain exons, take part in the process of transcription
b) linear form, mainly contain exons, take part in the process of reception
c) mainly contain introns, functionate in nucleus, take part in the process of coordination
d) mainly contain exons, functionate in cytoplasm, take part in the process of reversion
e) mainly contain exons, functionate in nucleus, take part in the process of transversion
105. Modern notions about genes are:
a) gene is elementary structural-functional unit of mutation, recombination and function
b) gene controls synthesis of one polypeptide chain
c) codon is functional unit of gene
d) gene controls synthesis of polysaccharides
e) genes are localized only in membranes of cell
106. Eucaryotic structural genes as a rule have:
a) polycystronic structure, consist from introns
b) polychromatic structure, consist from aminoacids
c) polycystronic structure, consist from only exons
d) exons and introns, monocystronic structure
e) introns, polycystronic structure
107. Procaryotic structural genes as a rule have:
a) polycystronic structure
b) monocystronic structure
c) ring shape
d) only introns
e) exons and introns
108. Coding part of eukaryotic gene contains:
a) codons, coordinators, cooperators
b) triplets, triplexs, operator
c) codons, aminoacids, ribosomes
d) triplets, codons, exons
e) codons, operator, promotor
109. Smallest unit of mutation (muton) is equal to:
a) 2 nucleotides
b) 1 nucleotide
c) 1 gene
page 14 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
d) 4 nucleotides
e) 6 nucleotides
110. Synonym of gene is:
a) chromonema
b) chromosome
c) nucleosome
d) allel
c) chromatid
111. Parts of gene, coding aminoacids (proteins) are called:
a) operators
b) triplexes
c) promoters
d) codons
e) duplexes
112. Gene is:
a) part of molecule of RNA, controlling synthesis of one polypeptide chain
b) part of molecule of DNA, controlling synthesis of one polypeptide chain
c) part of molecule of DNA, controlling synthesis of one aminoacid
d) part of molecule of DNA, controlling synthesis of lipids
e) part of molecule of DNA, controlling synthesis a few different genes
113. Products of genes are:
a) proteins, lipids, cell organoids
b) proteins, enzymes, polypeptides
c) proteins, vitamins, metals
d) proteins, sugars, salts
e) proteins, lipids, sugars
114. Chains of DNA participatating in replication and transcription are called:
a) collegial, codominant, copying
b) coding, matrix, sensitive
c) continuous, simple, complex
d) universal, unique, linear
e) ligamentosic, lactozic, cyclic
115. Messenger RNA (m – RNA) is a product of:
a) replication, reparation, translation of DNA (gene)
b) transcription, translation, procession of DNA (gene)
c) transcription, transcribing information, activity of DNA (gene)
d) transcription, transition, transversion of DNA (gene)
e) reversion, repression and conversion of DNA (gene)
116. DNA chains are called:
a) co-dominant, cooperating, matrix
b) coenzyme, consulting, coding
c) matrix, marker, small
d) matrix, coding, leading
e)matrix, lipid, ligase
117. Define correct combination of three meaningless (stop) codons:
a) UUU, UАА, UUА
b) UАА, UАC, UАU
c) UАА,UGА, UАG
page 15 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
d) UАА, UАG, UАC
e) UUА, UАА, UCC
118. Define correct combination of meaningful (coding) triplets:
a) UUU, UАC, UАG
b) UАА, UАC, UАG
c) UUU,UАА, UАG
d) UАC, UCC, UCG
e) UАА, UGА, UАG
119. Property of genetic code evidenced unity living organisms is:
a) triplet ness
b) universality
c) degenerativness
d) collinearity
e) conservativity
120. Property of genetic code, when one aminoacid is coded by three adjacent nucleotides is
called:
a) degenerative ness
b) triplet ness
c) universality
d) overlapping
e) specificity
121. Property of genetic code when one aminoacid codes by 1 to 6 codons is called:
a) degenerative ness
b) triplet ness
c) universality
d) overlapping
e) specificity
122. Property of genetic code when one nucleotide is written only once is called:
a) degenerative
b) tripletness
c) universality
d) non – overlapping
e) specificity
123. Gene activity results in:
a) lipid synthesis
b) protein synthesis
c) sugar synthesis
d) energy synthesis
e) protein destroying
124. Chromatin is subdivided on:
a) light and colour chromation
b) euchromatin and heterochromatin
c) remaining chromatin and heterochromatin
d) heterochromatin and homochromatin
e) obligate heterochromatin and light chromatin
125. Belong to eukaryotes:
a) viruses, plants, bacteria
b) viruses, phags, man
page 16 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
c) man, retrovirus, bacterium E. coli
d) man, cat, mouse
e) man, arbovirus, mycobacterium tuberculosis
126. Genetic material of prokaryotes represented by:
a) ring chromosome
b) colchate chromosome
c) aminoacids
d) ring polypeptide chain
e) ring polysaccharide chain
127. Genetic material of haploid set of chromosomes is called:
a) phenotype
b) genotype
c) genome
d) genofund
e) karyotype
128. Factors breaking mitosis:
a) antibiotics
b) low doses of ionized radiation
c) phytogemagglutinin
d) high doses of radiation
e) growth factors
129. Mutations which are called lethal:
a) disturb sex development of man
b) result in death of embryon
c) disturb growth of man
d) disturb metabolism of lipids
e) arise only in somatic cells
130 . Spontaneous changes of DNA are called:
a) reparations
b) reduplications
c) mutations
d) transcriptions
e) translations
131. Induced mutations are characterized by:
a) arise spontaneously, occasionally, without influence of any factors
b) changes, result from influence of infections diseases
c) arise by the influence of known natural factors
d) mutations, arising only in sex cells
e) mutations obligatory result in death of organism
132. Sign repressing occurrence of alternative sign in heterozygotes is:
a) recessive
b) dominant
c) intermediate
d) codominant
e) incomplete dominant
133. Sign arising only in homozygotes is:
a) recessive
b) dominant
page 17 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
c) intermediate
d) codominant
e) incomplete dominant
134. Type of inheritance of signs (diseases) may be:
a) autogenic and autosomal
b) autosomal and sex – linked
c) genome – linked and dominant
d) sex – and age – linked
e) genotype – linked dominant or recessive
135. Breeding of homozygotic organisms distinguishing by one pair of alternative signs in
case of complete dominancy is characterized in F1 by:
a) dominancy and splitting
b) similarity and recessivness
c) dominancy and similarity
d) appearance of homozygotes
e) appearance of hemizygotes
136. Crossing – over takes place in:
a) mitosis I, metaphase I, meosis II
b) meosis II, anaphase I, mitosis II
c) zygotene, meosis II, mitosis II
d) pachytene, meosis I, prophase of meosis I
e) diplotene, meosis I, anaphase of meosis II
137. Define type of inheritance of haemophilia:
a) X – linked dominant
b) holandric
c) X – linked recessive
d) cytoplasmatic
e) Y – linked
138. Blood groups of people by ABO system are controlled by:
a) allelic and nonallelic genes
b) nonallelic and polymeric genes
c) dominant and nonallelic genes
d) recessive and heterozygotic genes
e) recessive and dominant allelic genes
139. Forms of interaction of allelic genes:
a) complementary and dominancy
b) epistasis and dominancy
c) codominancy and dominancy
d) codominancy and epistasis
e) incomplete dominancy and polymery
140. AB (IV) blood group is example of interaction of:
a) recessive and intermediate genes
b) neutral and codominant genes
c) codominant and allelic genes
d) non allelic and dominant genes
e) allelic and polymeric genes
141. Ontogenesis-is:
a) individual development from birth to death.
page 18 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
b) historical development of the individual
c) embryonic development of the individual
d) development of organism from a fertilized egg to birth
e) complete cycle of individual development, based on the realization of hereditary program
142. Prenatal ontogenesis includes periods:
a) infant, preschool, school
b) reproductive, underreproductive, postreproductive
c) underdelivery, afterdelivery, childhood
d) placentaric, elderic, senile
e) fetal, embryonic, prenatal
143. Embryonic cells after the first division are called:
a) differentiated, pluripotent, polygenic
b) minipotent,monopotent, monogenic
c) monopotent,undifferentiated, mature
d) totipotent, undifferentiated, pluripotent
e) monozygotic ,undifferentiated,polygradient
144. Inbreeding – is:
a) unrelated marriage
b) marriage of persons with similar genotypes
c) marriage between persons of tribe
d) accumulational marriage
e) accreditation marriage
145. Consanguinuos marriages result in:
a) increasing of heterozygosity and viability of offspring
b) increasing of homozygosity and decreasing of viability of offspring
c) decreasing of heterozygosity and increasing of viability of offspring
d) decreasing of frequency of genetic diseases and homozygotes
e) increasing of frequency of infectious diseases and heterozygotes
146. Action of natural selection against recessive diseases results in:
a) elimination of dominant allele and decreasing of frequency of heterozygotes
b) elimination of heterozygotes and to the decreasing of their frequency
c) elimination of recessive allele and decreasing of their frequency
d) increasing of frequency of recessive gene and increasing of frequency of heterozygotes
e) decreasing of frequency of dominant gene and heterozygotes
147. Action of natural selection against dominant disease leads to:
a) elimination of recessive homozygotes
b) elimination of recessive allele and heterozygotes
c) increasing of frequency of dominant gene and heterozygotes
d) decreasing of frequency and elimination of dominant genes
e) decreasing of frequency of recessive gene and homozygotes
148. Action of natural selection in haemolytic disease of newborn is example of action:
a) in favour of homozygotes
b) against homozygotes
c) against heterozygotes
d) in favour of recessive allel
e) in favour of dominant allel
149. Types of populations:
a) darvinian, simple, complex
page 19 on 20
С.Ж.АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ
ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ
КАZAKH NATIONAL MEDIKAL UNIVERSITY
NAMED AFTER S.D.ASFENDIAROF
DEPARTAMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
EXAMINATIONAL TESTS ON BIOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING ENTRANCE EXAMS
b) mendelian, panmix, isolated
c) outbred, mixed, composed
d) inbred, widespread, linear
e) outbred, cyclic, comfortable
150. Factors increasing genetical polymorphism of population:
a) gene drift, isolation
b) outbreeding, mutations
c) inbreeding, incest
d) isolation and gene drift
e) inbreeding and isolation
Head of Department, Professor
Kuandykov E.U.
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