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CHAPTER 2 TOPICS – TRIOLA 2.1 – Overview - General divisions of statistics: - Descriptive - Inferential - Important characteristics of data - Center - Variation - Distribution - Outliers - Time 2.2 – Frequency Distributions - Advantage - Disadvantage - Lower and upper class limits - Class boundaries - Class midpoints - Class width - Relative frequency - Cumulative frequency - Constructing frequency distributions 2.3 – Visualizing Data - Histograms - Relative frequency histograms - Sketching histograms - From raw data - From grouped data - Frequency polygon - Ogive - Dot plots - Stem and leaf plots - Pareto chart - Pie charts - Scatter diagram - Time series graph 2.4 – Measures of the Center - Mean - Median - Mode - Midrange - Using the formulas to find the mean for raw data - Using the calculator to find the mean and median - From raw data - From grouped data - Weighted mean - Skewness - Symmetric - Skewed to the right - Skewed to the left 2.5 – Measures of Variation - Range - Variance - Standard deviation - Using the formulas to find the standard deviation for raw data - Using the calculator to find the standard deviation - From raw data - From grouped data - Comparing variation in different populations - Interpreting the standard deviation - Range rule of thumb - Usual values - Minimum and maximum usual values - Unusual values - Empirical rule - Chebyshev’s theorem 2.6 – Measures of relative standing - z scores - Usual and unusual values - Quartiles - Percentiles - Finding the percentile corresponding to a particular score - Finding the score corresponding to a particular percentile - Interquartile range 2.7 Exploratory Data Analysis - Outliers - Box plots - Five number summary - Constructing a box plot by hand and with the calculator