Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Module 2. Special histology and embryology Text test questions 1. Central nervous system consists of: A. Neuroglial cells. B. Myelinated fibers. C. Unmyelinated and thin myelinated fibers. D. Nerve processes. E. Brain and spinal cord. ANSWER: E 2. Type of neurons shape in the spinal cord: A. Corn-cells. B. Horizontal cells. C. Basket cells. D. Golgi cells. E. Stellate cells. ANSWER: E 3. Main components of peripheral nerve: A. Nerve endings. B. Glial cells. C. Myelin sheath. D. Nerve plexuses. E. Nerve fibers. ANSWER: E 4. Outermost tunic of peripheral nerve. A. Perichondrium. B. Endoneurium. C. Perineurium. D. Periosteum. E. Epineuriun. ANSWER: E 5. Functional type of the simple somatic reflex arc second neuron: A. Sensory. B. Associative. C. Activating. D. Inhibiting. E. Motor. ANSWER: E 6. Which structures are present in central nerve system? A. Black matter. B. Epineuriun. C. Connective tissue. D. Reticular formation. E. White and gray matter. ANSWER: E 7. Pia mater of the spinal cord consists of: A. Ependymal cells. B. Dense connective tissue. C. Vessels. D. Adventitia. E. Loose connective tissue. ANSWER: E 8. Type of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia? A. Apolar. B. Unipolar. C. Bipolar. D. Multipolar. E. Pseudounipolar. ANSWER: E 9. Functional type of the simple somatic reflex arc second neuron: A. Associative. B. Sensory. C. Activating. D. Inhibiting. E. Motor. ANSWER: E 10. Main components of gray matter of spinal cord: A. Bipolar neurons. B. Pseudounipolar neurons. C. Myelinated fibers. D. Neuroglial cells. E. Multipolar neurons. ANSWER: E 11. Simple somatic reflex arc consists of: A. 6 neurons B. 3 neurons C. 4 neurons D. 5 neurons E. 2 neurons ANSWER: E 12.How many layers are there in the cerebellar cortex? A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 E. 3 ANSWER: E 13.How many neurons are there in simple autonomic reflex arc? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. 3 ANSWER: E 14.How many distinct layers of cells are there in large hemispheres? A. 7. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. E. 6. ANSWER: E 15.Main function of cornea: A. Protective. B. Accommodative. C. Visual. D. Sensory. E. Dioptric. ANSWER: E 16.Colour vision of patient is broken. Disorders of which structures of the eye is it due to? A. Rod cells. B. Bipolar cell. C. Amacrine cells. D. Horizontal cells. E. Cone cells. ANSWER: E 17.Peripheral portion of cell have outer and inner segment. Outer segment has membranous semidiscs, inner one – ellipsoid. What is this organ? A. Taste organ. B. Smell organ. C. Vestibular organ. D. Cochlear (hearing). E. Visual organ. ANSWER: E 18.External layer of cornea consists of next tissue: A. Simple squamous epithelium. B. Fibrous connective tissue. C. Loose connective tissue. D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. E. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium ANSWER: E 19.How many layers are there in retina? A. 3. B. 6. C. 8. D. 12. E. 10. ANSWER: E 20.In histologic specimen beconcaved structure is connected with ciliary body by ciliary fibers. What is this structure? A. Ciliary body. B. Vitreus body. C. Cornea. D. Sclera. E. Lens. ANSWER: E 21.Inner ear includes: A. Tympanic membrane. B. Eustachian tube. C. Auricle, external auditory tube. D. Tympanic cavity and ossicles. E. Bony and membranous labyrynth. ANSWER: E 22.Main function of pigmental layer cells of retina: A. Melanin synthesis. B. Limiting. C. Lining. D. Separate. E. Reverse the light. ANSWER: E 23.Certify, please, receptive functional apparatus of eye. A. Dyoptric. B. Secretory. C. Contractile. D. Accomodative. E. Sensory. ANSWER: E 24.Patient is colour blinded (could not recognize blue and green colours) but has normal twilight vision. Which structures of retina are probably damaged? A. Rod cells. B. Bipolar cells. C. Amacrine cells. D. Horizontal cells. E. Cone cells. ANSWER: E 25.Principal function of iris: A. Dioptric. B. Visual. C. Sensory. D. Contractile. E. Diaphragm of eye. ANSWER: E 26.Principal function of lens: A. Accomodative. B. Sensory. C. Protective. D. Contractile. E. Refractive. ANSWER: E 27.There is histologic specimen of circulatory system organ. One tunic of the wall is made up of anastomozing fibers which consits of cells which are interconnected by intercalated discs. Which organ is present in this specimen? A. Aorta B. Muscular artery C. Muscular vein D. Arteriole E. Heart ANSWER: E 28.What is the source of reparative regeneration for place with necrosis of cardiac cells? A. Myofibrilles B. Cardiomyocytes C. Myosatellite cells D. Intercalated discs E. Connective tissue ANSWER: E 29.What blood vessel has 40-60 fenestrated elastic membranes in the middle tunic? A. Nonmuscular vein B. Muscular vein C. Muscular artery D. Mixed artery E. Elastic artery ANSWER: E 30. Which structural components of wall of the arteries are responsible for contraction? A. Elastic fibers B. Collagen fibers C. Endotheliocytes D. Lipocytes E. Smooth myocytes ANSWER: E 31.What cells of heart wall under the endocardium have peripheral nuclei, few organelles and irregularly placed myofibrilles? A. Secretory cardiomyocytes B. Contractile cardiomyocytes C. Smooth myocytes D. Striated myocytes E. Conductive cardiomyocytes ANSWER: E 32.After heart attack (infarction) some cardiac cells had dead. Which tissue will replace these cells? A. muscular B. skeletal C. epithelial tissue D. nervous E. loose connective tissue ANSWER: E 33.Capillaries of which type are present in endocrine glands? A. small B. somatic (continuous) C. sinusoids D. mixed E. fenestrated (visceral, discontinuous) ANSWER: E 34.Capillaries of which type are present in haemopoietic organs? A. visceral (discontinuous) B. somatic (continuous) C. large D. mixed E. sinusoidal ANSWER: E 35.Elastic fibers of aorta could be stained with: A. hematoxylin B. eosin C. iron hematoxylin D. sudan E. orcein ANSWER: E 36.Heart wall consists of: A. endocardium, muscular B. endocardium, serous C. myocardium D. myocardium and pericardium E. endocardium, myocardium, epicardiun ANSWER: E 37.How many tunics are there in the blood vessel wall? A. 1 B. 2 C. 5 D. 4 E. 3 ANSWER: E 38.Indicate the type of myocardium physiologic regeneration. A. abnormal B. cellular C. full D. partial E. intracellular ANSWER: E 39.Indicate the type of myocardium reparative regeneration. A. intracellular B. cellular C. full D. partial E. by connective tissue ANSWER: E 40.Indicate types of arteries A. muscular and fibrous B. epithelial, muscular C. elastic and fibrous D. epithelial, muscular E. muscular, mixed and elastic ANSWER: E 41.Location of sinusoidal capillaries: A. muscles B. endocrine glands C. intestine D. kidney E. hemopoietic organs ANSWER: E 42.What are the tunics of blood vessels wall? A. mucosa, submucosa, muscular B. epithelial, submucosa, muscular C. submucosa, muscular D. epithelial, muscular E. intima, media, adventitia ANSWER: E 43.What does myocardium mainly consist of? A. epithelium B. loose connective tissue C. dense connective tissue D. sceletal muscular tissue E. cardiac muscular tissue ANSWER: E 44.What types of hemocapillaries do You know? A. epithelial, submucosal, muscular B. mucosal, muscular C. submucosal, muscular D. epithelial, muscular E. somatic, visceral, sinusoidal ANSWER: E 45.Which tunic is thickest in the artery? A. intima B. adventitia C. intima and adventitia D. they are equal E. media ANSWER: E 46.Which tunic is thickest in the vein? A. intima B. intima and adventitia C. media D. they are equal E. adventitia ANSWER: E 47. Which hematopoietic organ has erythropoietic islet? A. Thymus B. Spleen C. Palatine tonsil D. Hemolymph node E. Red bone marrow ANSWER: E 48.What central haemopoietic organs do you know? A. Red bone marrow, lymph nodes B. Lymph nodules of respiratory tract C. Lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa D. Spleen, lymph nodes E. Thymus, red bone marrow ANSWER: E 49.What peripheral haemopoetic organs do you know? A. Red bone marrow, spleen B. Thymus and red bone marrow C. Thymus, lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa D. Thymus E. Spleen, lymph nodes ANSWER: E 50.Which cells are the source of all blood cells formation in red bone marrow? A. blast cells B. differentiated cells C. unipotent cells-precursors D. differentiating cells E. stem cells ANSWER: E 51.A haemopoetic organ, which consists of irregular shaped lobules, is explored in light microscope. Each lobule has cortex and medulla. What is this organ? A. Appendix B. Lymphatic node. C. Spleen D. Tonsil E. Thymus ANSWER: E 52.What tissue does the parenchyma of lymph node consist of? A. myeloid B. reticular C. epithelioreticular D. reticulo-endothelial E. lymphoid ANSWER: E 53.What is the main function of lymph node sinuses? A. circulation of blood B. prolliferation of lymphocytes C. blood formed elements production D. proliferation of granular leucocytes E. lymph circulation ANSWER: E 54.Red bone marrow smear usually is stained with: A. hematoxylin and eosin B. iron hematoxylin C. sudan D. orcein E. Romanowsky-Himsa stain ANSWER: E 55.In which hemopoetic organs does elimination of erythrocytes and platelets mainly occur? A. red bone marrow B. hemolymphatic node C. thymus D. lymphatic node E. spleen ANSWER: E 56.Skin transplantation was made to patient with severe burns. At the 8th day rejection of transplantant had begun. Which cells are mainly responsible for this? A. Erythrocytes B. В-Lymphocytes C. Eosinophiles D. Basophiles E. Т-Lymphocytes ANSWER: E 57. What is the arrangement of cells in adenopituitary? A. In follicles B. Irregular C. In lobules D. In layers E. In cords ANSWER: E 58.Which types of chromophilic cells of adenopituitary do You know? A. polichromatophilic B. acidophils and intermediate C. basophils and intermediate D. argirophilic E. acidophils, basophils and intermediate ANSWER: E 59.What is the function of neuropituitary? A. Synthesis ACTH B. Accumulation ACTH C. Synthesis of antidiuretic hormon D. Synthesis of oxytocine E. Accumulation of antidiuretic hormon and oxytocine ANSWER: E 60. Parenchima of pineal gland consists of: A. B. C. D. E. ANSWER: E chromophobic and chromophilic endocrynocytes basophilic and acidophilic endocrynocytes somatropocytes and lactotrophs pituicytes and axons of neurosecretory cells pinealocytes and supporting gliocytes 61. Which hormones are produced by follicular cells of thyroid gland? A. Monoiodothyrosin B. Diiodothyrosin C. Thyreoglobulin D. Calcitonin and somatostatin E. Thyroxin and triiodothyronin ANSWER: E 62. Parafollicular endocrinocytes of thyroid gland produce: A. Monoiodothyrosin B. Diiodothyrosin C. Thyreoglobulin D. Thyroxin and triiodothyronin E. Calcitonin and somatostatin ANSWER: E 63. What are the morphofunctional units of thyroid gland parenchyma? A. Blood cells B. Fibers C. Cords (trabecules) of cells D. Network of cells E. Follicles ANSWER: E 64. Indicate parenchymal cells of parathyroid gland. A. Chromophobic and chromophilic endocrinocytes B. Corticotrophs C. Oxyphilic and basophilic endocrinocytes D. By follicles and parafollicular endocrinocytes E. Chief and oxyphilic parathyrocytes ANSWER: E 65. What are the morphofunctional units of parathyroid gland parenchyma? A. Lobules B. Follicles C. Layers D. Fibers E. Cords (trabeculles) of parathyrocytes ANSWER: E 66. In histological specimen of the adrenal gland cortex you can see small polygonal cells which form round shaped aggregations (loops) and contain lipid inclusions. What is this part of adrenal gland? A. Zona fasciculata B. Intermediate zona C. Medulla D. Zona reticularis E. Zona glomerulosa ANSWER: E 67. What hormones are produced by the medullary cells of adrenal gland? A. Glucocorticoids B. Male and female sex hormones C. Aldosterone D. Renin E. Noradrenalin, adrenalin ANSWER: E 68. Anatomical portion of tooth. A. free and neck B. crown and root C. crown, neck and root D. alveolar and root E. neck and root ANSWER: C 69. Hard tissues of the tooth are the next: A. enamel, dentin, cementum B. pulp, cementum and enamel C. peryodontum, enamel, dentin, D. pulp, cementum and dentin E. pulp, peryodontum, cementum ANSWER: A 70. Crown of the tooth has next tissues: A. dentin, pulp B. enamel, dentin, pulp C. enamel, cementum D. enamel, cementum, pulp E. dentin, cementum. ANSWER: B 71. Root of the tooth has next tissues: A. enamel, dentin, pulp B. dentin, cementum, pulp enamel, cementum D. enamel, cementum, pulp E. dentin, pulp ANSWER: B 72. Dentin location in the tooth: A. neck B. crown C. crown, neck and root D. root E. crown and neck ANSWER: C 73. What is the structural unite if the enamel. A. enameloblast B. enamel prism (rod) C. odontoblast D. cementocyte E. canalicul ANSWER: B 74. Indicate the cells, which produce the enamel. A. mesenchymal cells B. cementocytes C. odontoblasts D. fibroblasts E. enameloblasts ANSWER: E 75. Chemical composition of enamel: A. 97 % mineral, 3 % organic B. 50 % mineral, 50 % organic C. 20 % mineral, 80 % organic D. 80 % mineral, 20 % organic E. 40 % mineral, 60 % organic ANSWER: A 76. Chemical composition of dentine. A. 20 % mineral, 80 % organic B. 80 % mineral, 20 % organic C. 50 % mineral, 50 % organic D. 40 % mineral, 60 % organic E. 72 % mineral, 28 % organic ANSWER: E 77. What does periodontal ligament consist of? A. chondroid tissue B. dense connective tissue C. loose connective tissue D. enamel rods E. dentine tubuli ANSWER: B 78. Indicate esophageal tunics. C. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis B. mucosa, muscularis C. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia D. submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia E. submucosa, adventitia ANSWER: C 79. Which types of glands do you know in stomach? A. simple and compound B. serous and mucous C. principle and additional D. salivary and gastric E. gastric, cardial and pyloric ANSWER: E 80. Which tunic is thickest in the pyloric stomach? A. mucosa B. submucosa C. muscularis externa D. adventitia E. serosa ANSWER: C 81. Indicate tunics of small intestine. A. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis B. mucosa, muscularis C. submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia D. submucosa, adventitia E. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa ANSWER: E 82. Which type of epithelium large intestine mucosa is cowered with? A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized B. simple columnar glandular C. simple columnar brushed D. simple cuboidal E. stratified squamous keratinized ANSWER: C 83. What is the morphofunctional unit of large salivary glands? A. particle B. acinus C. alveolar secretory portion D. tubular secretory portion E. mixed secretory portion ANSWER: B 84. Indicate the classic morphofunctional unit of liver. A. acinus B. classic hepatic lobule C. portal lobule D. alveolar secretory portion E. tubular secretory portion A. ANSWER: B 85. Hepatocytes in hepatic lobule are arranged in: A. irregular B. in groups C. in vesicles D. in trabecula E. as follicles ANSWER: D 86. What are the morphological portions of pancreas? A. secretory and excretory B. incretory and excretory C. eccrine and secretory D. endocrine and secretory E. exocrine and endocrine ANSWER: E 87. What does exocrine pancreas consist of? A. secretory portions B. islets of Langerhans C. exocrine pancreatocytes D. exocrine acini E. endocrine pancreatocytes ANSWER: D 88. What does endocrine pancreas consist of? A. secretory portions B. islets of Langerhans C. exocrine pancreatocytes D. exocrine acini E. endocrine pancreatocytes ANSWER: B 89. Spasm of which structures of respiratory conducting portion is the reason of difficulty in breathing at bronchial asthma? A. small bronchi B. middle bronchi C. terminal bronchioles D. alveoli E. respiratory bronchioles ANSWER: A 90. Which cells synthesize surfactant in lungs? A. respiratory alveolocytes B. secretory. alveolocytes C. alveolar macrophages D. Clara cells E. brushed cells ANSWER: B 91. Which cells of pulmonary acini are responsible for the respiration? A. I alveolocytes B. II alveolocytes C. alveolar macrophages D. Clara cells E. brushed cells ANSWER: A 92. Morpho-functional unit of kidney is: A. Nephron B. Lobule C. Bowman’s capsule D. Renal corpuscle E. Glomerulus ANSWER: A 93. What part of nephron is responsible for the filtration? A. Renal corpuscle B. Proximal convoluted tube C. Distal convoluted tube D. Collecting tube E. Loop of Henle ANSWER: A 94. Structural components of nephron A. Glomerulus, proximal and distal tubuli, loop of Henle B. Bowman’s capsule, proximal and distal tubuli, loop of Henle C. Renal corpuscle, proximal and distal tubuli, loop of Henle D. Renal corpuscle, proximal and distal tubuli, collecting tube E. Glomerulus, proximal and distal tubuli, collecting tube ANSWER: C 95.Which organ of male reproductive system has numerous coiled tubules whose wall has tunica with basal, myoid and fibrous layers? A. Prostate gland B. Epididymis C. Vas defferens D. Seminal vesicles E. Testis ANSWER: E 96.Which cells belong to spermatogenic epithelium? A. Interstitial cells B. Leydig cells C. Fibrocytes D. Macrophages E. Sertoli and spermatogenic cells ANSWER: E 97. Which cells does corpus luteum of ovary consist of? A. Fibrocytes B. Granulosa cells C. Secretory cells D. Thecocytes E. Luteocytes ANSWER: E 98. Cambial cells of endometrium are disposed: A. In the neck of crypts B. In the body of crypts C. In lamina propria D. In lining epithelium E. In the bottom of uterine glands ANSWER: E 99. Endometrium has next functional layers: A. thin and thick B. regular and irregular C. smooth and rough D. full and partial E. functional and basal ANSWER: E 100. Menstrual cycle mainly means periodic changes of: A. myometrium B. perimetrium C. parametrium D. cervix E. endometrium ANSWER: E