Download Histology, cytology and embryology_2

Module 2. Special histology and embryology
Text test questions
1. Central nervous system consists of:
A. Neuroglial cells.
B. Myelinated fibers.
C. Unmyelinated and thin myelinated fibers.
D. Nerve processes.
E. Brain and spinal cord.
ANSWER: E
2. Type of neurons shape in the spinal cord:
A. Corn-cells.
B. Horizontal cells.
C. Basket cells.
D. Golgi cells.
E. Stellate cells.
ANSWER: E
3. Main components of peripheral nerve:
A. Nerve endings.
B. Glial cells.
C. Myelin sheath.
D. Nerve plexuses.
E. Nerve fibers.
ANSWER: E
4. Outermost tunic of peripheral nerve.
A. Perichondrium.
B. Endoneurium.
C. Perineurium.
D. Periosteum.
E. Epineuriun.
ANSWER: E
5. Functional type of the simple somatic reflex arc second neuron:
A. Sensory.
B. Associative.
C. Activating.
D. Inhibiting.
E. Motor.
ANSWER: E
6. Which structures are present in central nerve system?
A. Black matter.
B. Epineuriun.
C. Connective tissue.
D. Reticular formation.
E. White and gray matter.
ANSWER: E
7. Pia mater of the spinal cord consists of:
A. Ependymal cells.
B. Dense connective tissue.
C. Vessels.
D. Adventitia.
E. Loose connective tissue.
ANSWER: E
8. Type of nerve cells in dorsal root ganglia?
A. Apolar.
B. Unipolar.
C. Bipolar.
D. Multipolar.
E. Pseudounipolar.
ANSWER: E
9. Functional type of the simple somatic reflex arc second neuron:
A. Associative.
B. Sensory.
C. Activating.
D. Inhibiting.
E. Motor.
ANSWER: E
10. Main components of gray matter of spinal cord:
A. Bipolar neurons.
B. Pseudounipolar neurons.
C. Myelinated fibers.
D. Neuroglial cells.
E. Multipolar neurons.
ANSWER: E
11. Simple somatic reflex arc consists of:
A. 6 neurons
B. 3 neurons
C. 4 neurons
D. 5 neurons
E. 2 neurons
ANSWER: E
12.How many layers are there in the cerebellar cortex?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 3
ANSWER: E
13.How many neurons are there in simple autonomic reflex arc?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 5
E. 3
ANSWER: E
14.How many distinct layers of cells are there in large hemispheres?
A. 7.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
E. 6.
ANSWER: E
15.Main function of cornea:
A. Protective.
B. Accommodative.
C. Visual.
D. Sensory.
E. Dioptric.
ANSWER: E
16.Colour vision of patient is broken. Disorders of which structures of the eye is it
due to?
A. Rod cells.
B. Bipolar cell.
C. Amacrine cells.
D. Horizontal cells.
E. Cone cells.
ANSWER: E
17.Peripheral portion of cell have outer and inner segment. Outer segment has
membranous semidiscs, inner one – ellipsoid. What is this organ?
A. Taste organ.
B. Smell organ.
C. Vestibular organ.
D. Cochlear (hearing).
E. Visual organ.
ANSWER: E
18.External layer of cornea consists of next tissue:
A. Simple squamous epithelium.
B. Fibrous connective tissue.
C. Loose connective tissue.
D. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
E. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
ANSWER: E
19.How many layers are there in retina?
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 8.
D. 12.
E. 10.
ANSWER: E
20.In histologic specimen beconcaved structure is connected with ciliary body by
ciliary fibers. What is this structure?
A. Ciliary body.
B. Vitreus body.
C. Cornea.
D. Sclera.
E. Lens.
ANSWER: E
21.Inner ear includes:
A. Tympanic membrane.
B. Eustachian tube.
C. Auricle, external auditory tube.
D. Tympanic cavity and ossicles.
E. Bony and membranous labyrynth.
ANSWER: E
22.Main function of pigmental layer cells of retina:
A. Melanin synthesis.
B. Limiting.
C. Lining.
D. Separate.
E. Reverse the light.
ANSWER: E
23.Certify, please, receptive functional apparatus of eye.
A. Dyoptric.
B. Secretory.
C. Contractile.
D. Accomodative.
E. Sensory.
ANSWER: E
24.Patient is colour blinded (could not recognize blue and green colours) but has
normal twilight vision. Which structures of retina are probably damaged?
A. Rod cells.
B. Bipolar cells.
C. Amacrine cells.
D. Horizontal cells.
E. Cone cells.
ANSWER: E
25.Principal function of iris:
A. Dioptric.
B. Visual.
C. Sensory.
D. Contractile.
E. Diaphragm of eye.
ANSWER: E
26.Principal function of lens:
A. Accomodative.
B. Sensory.
C. Protective.
D. Contractile.
E. Refractive.
ANSWER: E
27.There is histologic specimen of circulatory system organ. One tunic of the wall
is made up of anastomozing fibers which consits of cells which are
interconnected by intercalated discs. Which organ is present in this specimen?
A. Aorta
B. Muscular artery
C. Muscular vein
D. Arteriole
E. Heart
ANSWER: E
28.What is the source of reparative regeneration for place with necrosis of cardiac
cells?
A. Myofibrilles
B. Cardiomyocytes
C. Myosatellite cells
D. Intercalated discs
E. Connective tissue
ANSWER: E
29.What blood vessel has 40-60 fenestrated elastic membranes in the middle
tunic?
A. Nonmuscular vein
B. Muscular vein
C. Muscular artery
D. Mixed artery
E. Elastic artery
ANSWER: E
30. Which structural components of wall of the arteries are responsible for
contraction?
A. Elastic fibers
B. Collagen fibers
C. Endotheliocytes
D. Lipocytes
E. Smooth myocytes
ANSWER: E
31.What cells of heart wall under the endocardium have peripheral nuclei, few
organelles and irregularly placed myofibrilles?
A. Secretory cardiomyocytes
B. Contractile cardiomyocytes
C. Smooth myocytes
D. Striated myocytes
E. Conductive cardiomyocytes
ANSWER: E
32.After heart attack (infarction) some cardiac cells had dead. Which tissue will
replace these cells?
A. muscular
B. skeletal
C. epithelial tissue
D. nervous
E. loose connective tissue
ANSWER: E
33.Capillaries of which type are present in endocrine glands?
A. small
B. somatic (continuous)
C. sinusoids
D. mixed
E. fenestrated (visceral, discontinuous)
ANSWER: E
34.Capillaries of which type are present in haemopoietic organs?
A. visceral (discontinuous)
B. somatic (continuous)
C. large
D. mixed
E. sinusoidal
ANSWER: E
35.Elastic fibers of aorta could be stained with:
A. hematoxylin
B. eosin
C. iron hematoxylin
D. sudan
E. orcein
ANSWER: E
36.Heart wall consists of:
A. endocardium, muscular
B. endocardium, serous
C. myocardium
D. myocardium and pericardium
E. endocardium, myocardium, epicardiun
ANSWER: E
37.How many tunics are there in the blood vessel wall?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 4
E. 3
ANSWER: E
38.Indicate the type of myocardium physiologic regeneration.
A. abnormal
B. cellular
C. full
D. partial
E. intracellular
ANSWER: E
39.Indicate the type of myocardium reparative regeneration.
A. intracellular
B. cellular
C. full
D. partial
E. by connective tissue
ANSWER: E
40.Indicate types of arteries
A. muscular and fibrous
B. epithelial, muscular
C. elastic and fibrous
D. epithelial, muscular
E. muscular, mixed and elastic
ANSWER: E
41.Location of sinusoidal capillaries:
A. muscles
B. endocrine glands
C. intestine
D. kidney
E. hemopoietic organs
ANSWER: E
42.What are the tunics of blood vessels wall?
A. mucosa, submucosa, muscular
B. epithelial, submucosa, muscular
C. submucosa, muscular
D. epithelial, muscular
E. intima, media, adventitia
ANSWER: E
43.What does myocardium mainly consist of?
A. epithelium
B. loose connective tissue
C. dense connective tissue
D. sceletal muscular tissue
E. cardiac muscular tissue
ANSWER: E
44.What types of hemocapillaries do You know?
A. epithelial, submucosal, muscular
B. mucosal, muscular
C. submucosal, muscular
D. epithelial, muscular
E. somatic, visceral, sinusoidal
ANSWER: E
45.Which tunic is thickest in the artery?
A. intima
B. adventitia
C. intima and adventitia
D. they are equal
E. media
ANSWER: E
46.Which tunic is thickest in the vein?
A. intima
B. intima and adventitia
C. media
D. they are equal
E. adventitia
ANSWER: E
47. Which hematopoietic organ has erythropoietic islet?
A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Palatine tonsil
D. Hemolymph node
E. Red bone marrow
ANSWER: E
48.What central haemopoietic organs do you know?
A. Red bone marrow, lymph nodes
B. Lymph nodules of respiratory tract
C. Lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa
D. Spleen, lymph nodes
E. Thymus, red bone marrow
ANSWER: E
49.What peripheral haemopoetic organs do you know?
A. Red bone marrow, spleen
B. Thymus and red bone marrow
C. Thymus, lymph nodules of digestive tract mucosa
D. Thymus
E. Spleen, lymph nodes
ANSWER: E
50.Which cells are the source of all blood cells formation in red bone marrow?
A. blast cells
B. differentiated cells
C. unipotent cells-precursors
D. differentiating cells
E. stem cells
ANSWER: E
51.A haemopoetic organ, which consists of irregular shaped lobules, is explored in
light microscope. Each lobule has cortex and medulla. What is this organ?
A. Appendix
B. Lymphatic node.
C. Spleen
D. Tonsil
E. Thymus
ANSWER: E
52.What tissue does the parenchyma of lymph node consist of?
A. myeloid
B. reticular
C. epithelioreticular
D. reticulo-endothelial
E. lymphoid
ANSWER: E
53.What is the main function of lymph node sinuses?
A. circulation of blood
B. prolliferation of lymphocytes
C. blood formed elements production
D. proliferation of granular leucocytes
E. lymph circulation
ANSWER: E
54.Red bone marrow smear usually is stained with:
A. hematoxylin and eosin
B. iron hematoxylin
C. sudan
D. orcein
E. Romanowsky-Himsa stain
ANSWER: E
55.In which hemopoetic organs does elimination of erythrocytes and platelets
mainly occur?
A. red bone marrow
B. hemolymphatic node
C. thymus
D. lymphatic node
E. spleen
ANSWER: E
56.Skin transplantation was made to patient with severe burns. At the 8th day
rejection of transplantant had begun. Which cells are mainly responsible for
this?
A. Erythrocytes
B. В-Lymphocytes
C. Eosinophiles
D. Basophiles
E. Т-Lymphocytes
ANSWER: E
57. What is the arrangement of cells in adenopituitary?
A. In follicles
B. Irregular
C. In lobules
D. In layers
E. In cords
ANSWER: E
58.Which types of chromophilic cells of adenopituitary do You know?
A. polichromatophilic
B. acidophils and intermediate
C. basophils and intermediate
D. argirophilic
E. acidophils, basophils and intermediate
ANSWER: E
59.What is the function of neuropituitary?
A. Synthesis ACTH
B. Accumulation ACTH
C. Synthesis of antidiuretic hormon
D. Synthesis of oxytocine
E. Accumulation of antidiuretic hormon and oxytocine
ANSWER: E
60. Parenchima of pineal gland consists of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
ANSWER: E
chromophobic and chromophilic endocrynocytes
basophilic and acidophilic endocrynocytes
somatropocytes and lactotrophs
pituicytes and axons of neurosecretory cells
pinealocytes and supporting gliocytes
61. Which hormones are produced by follicular cells of thyroid gland?
A. Monoiodothyrosin
B. Diiodothyrosin
C. Thyreoglobulin
D. Calcitonin and somatostatin
E. Thyroxin and triiodothyronin
ANSWER: E
62. Parafollicular endocrinocytes of thyroid gland produce:
A. Monoiodothyrosin
B. Diiodothyrosin
C. Thyreoglobulin
D. Thyroxin and triiodothyronin
E. Calcitonin and somatostatin
ANSWER: E
63. What are the morphofunctional units of thyroid gland parenchyma?
A. Blood cells
B. Fibers
C. Cords (trabecules) of cells
D. Network of cells
E. Follicles
ANSWER: E
64. Indicate parenchymal cells of parathyroid gland.
A. Chromophobic and chromophilic endocrinocytes
B. Corticotrophs
C. Oxyphilic and basophilic endocrinocytes
D. By follicles and parafollicular endocrinocytes
E. Chief and oxyphilic parathyrocytes
ANSWER: E
65. What are the morphofunctional units of parathyroid gland parenchyma?
A. Lobules
B. Follicles
C. Layers
D. Fibers
E. Cords (trabeculles) of parathyrocytes
ANSWER: E
66. In histological specimen of the adrenal gland cortex you can see small polygonal
cells which form round shaped aggregations (loops) and contain lipid inclusions.
What is this part of adrenal gland?
A. Zona fasciculata
B. Intermediate zona
C. Medulla
D. Zona reticularis
E. Zona glomerulosa
ANSWER: E
67. What hormones are produced by the medullary cells of adrenal gland?
A. Glucocorticoids
B. Male and female sex hormones
C. Aldosterone
D. Renin
E. Noradrenalin, adrenalin
ANSWER: E
68. Anatomical portion of tooth.
A. free and neck
B. crown and root
C. crown, neck and root
D. alveolar and root
E. neck and root
ANSWER: C
69. Hard tissues of the tooth are the next:
A. enamel, dentin, cementum
B. pulp, cementum and enamel
C. peryodontum, enamel, dentin,
D. pulp, cementum and dentin
E. pulp, peryodontum, cementum
ANSWER: A
70. Crown of the tooth has next tissues:
A. dentin, pulp
B. enamel, dentin, pulp
C. enamel, cementum
D. enamel, cementum, pulp
E. dentin, cementum.
ANSWER: B
71. Root of the tooth has next tissues:
A. enamel, dentin, pulp
B. dentin, cementum, pulp
enamel, cementum
D. enamel, cementum, pulp
E. dentin, pulp
ANSWER: B
72. Dentin location in the tooth:
A. neck
B. crown
C. crown, neck and root
D. root
E. crown and neck
ANSWER: C
73. What is the structural unite if the enamel.
A. enameloblast
B. enamel prism (rod)
C. odontoblast
D. cementocyte
E. canalicul
ANSWER: B
74. Indicate the cells, which produce the enamel.
A. mesenchymal cells
B. cementocytes
C. odontoblasts
D. fibroblasts
E. enameloblasts
ANSWER: E
75. Chemical composition of enamel:
A. 97 % mineral, 3 % organic
B. 50 % mineral, 50 % organic
C. 20 % mineral, 80 % organic
D. 80 % mineral, 20 % organic
E. 40 % mineral, 60 % organic
ANSWER: A
76. Chemical composition of dentine.
A. 20 % mineral, 80 % organic
B. 80 % mineral, 20 % organic
C. 50 % mineral, 50 % organic
D. 40 % mineral, 60 % organic
E. 72 % mineral, 28 % organic
ANSWER: E
77. What does periodontal ligament consist of?
A. chondroid tissue
B. dense connective tissue
C. loose connective tissue
D. enamel rods
E. dentine tubuli
ANSWER: B
78. Indicate esophageal tunics.
C.
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis
B. mucosa, muscularis
C. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia
D. submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia
E. submucosa, adventitia
ANSWER: C
79. Which types of glands do you know in stomach?
A. simple and compound
B. serous and mucous
C. principle and additional
D. salivary and gastric
E. gastric, cardial and pyloric
ANSWER: E
80. Which tunic is thickest in the pyloric stomach?
A. mucosa
B. submucosa
C. muscularis externa
D. adventitia
E. serosa
ANSWER: C
81. Indicate tunics of small intestine.
A. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis
B. mucosa, muscularis
C. submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia
D. submucosa, adventitia
E. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
ANSWER: E
82. Which type of epithelium large intestine mucosa is cowered with?
A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized
B. simple columnar glandular
C. simple columnar brushed
D. simple cuboidal
E. stratified squamous keratinized
ANSWER: C
83. What is the morphofunctional unit of large salivary glands?
A.
particle
B.
acinus
C.
alveolar secretory portion
D.
tubular secretory portion
E.
mixed secretory portion
ANSWER: B
84. Indicate the classic morphofunctional unit of liver.
A.
acinus
B.
classic hepatic lobule
C.
portal lobule
D.
alveolar secretory portion
E.
tubular secretory portion
A.
ANSWER: B
85. Hepatocytes in hepatic lobule are arranged in:
A.
irregular
B.
in groups
C.
in vesicles
D.
in trabecula
E.
as follicles
ANSWER: D
86. What are the morphological portions of pancreas?
A.
secretory and excretory
B.
incretory and excretory
C.
eccrine and secretory
D.
endocrine and secretory
E.
exocrine and endocrine
ANSWER: E
87. What does exocrine pancreas consist of?
A.
secretory portions
B.
islets of Langerhans
C.
exocrine pancreatocytes
D.
exocrine acini
E.
endocrine pancreatocytes
ANSWER: D
88. What does endocrine pancreas consist of?
A.
secretory portions
B.
islets of Langerhans
C.
exocrine pancreatocytes
D.
exocrine acini
E.
endocrine pancreatocytes
ANSWER: B
89. Spasm of which structures of respiratory conducting portion is the reason of
difficulty in breathing at bronchial asthma?
A. small bronchi
B. middle bronchi
C. terminal bronchioles
D. alveoli
E. respiratory bronchioles
ANSWER: A
90. Which cells synthesize surfactant in lungs?
A. respiratory alveolocytes
B. secretory. alveolocytes
C. alveolar macrophages
D. Clara cells
E. brushed cells
ANSWER: B
91. Which cells of pulmonary acini are responsible for the respiration?
A. I alveolocytes
B. II alveolocytes
C. alveolar macrophages
D. Clara cells
E. brushed cells
ANSWER: A
92. Morpho-functional unit of kidney is:
A. Nephron
B. Lobule
C. Bowman’s capsule
D. Renal corpuscle
E. Glomerulus
ANSWER: A
93. What part of nephron is responsible for the filtration?
A. Renal corpuscle
B. Proximal convoluted tube
C. Distal convoluted tube
D. Collecting tube
E. Loop of Henle
ANSWER: A
94. Structural components of nephron
A. Glomerulus, proximal and distal tubuli, loop of Henle
B. Bowman’s capsule, proximal and distal tubuli, loop of Henle
C. Renal corpuscle, proximal and distal tubuli, loop of Henle
D. Renal corpuscle, proximal and distal tubuli, collecting tube
E. Glomerulus, proximal and distal tubuli, collecting tube
ANSWER: C
95.Which organ of male reproductive system has numerous coiled tubules whose
wall has tunica with basal, myoid and fibrous layers?
A. Prostate gland
B. Epididymis
C. Vas defferens
D. Seminal vesicles
E. Testis
ANSWER: E
96.Which cells belong to spermatogenic epithelium?
A. Interstitial cells
B. Leydig cells
C. Fibrocytes
D. Macrophages
E. Sertoli and spermatogenic cells
ANSWER: E
97. Which cells does corpus luteum of ovary consist of?
A. Fibrocytes
B. Granulosa cells
C. Secretory cells
D. Thecocytes
E. Luteocytes
ANSWER: E
98. Cambial cells of endometrium are disposed:
A. In the neck of crypts
B. In the body of crypts
C. In lamina propria
D. In lining epithelium
E. In the bottom of uterine glands
ANSWER: E
99. Endometrium has next functional layers:
A. thin and thick
B. regular and irregular
C. smooth and rough
D. full and partial
E. functional and basal
ANSWER: E
100. Menstrual cycle mainly means periodic changes of:
A. myometrium
B. perimetrium
C. parametrium
D. cervix
E. endometrium
ANSWER: E