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Porifera and Cnidaria Kingdom Animalia, Subkingdom Parazoa Phylum Porifera The Sponges Asymmetrical • Only animal without some sort of _______system • 2 ______layers, no mesoderm • Classified according to _______skeleton composition: – Calcium carbonate – silica – spongin • ________ • Most marine, some fresh • Single or colonial • ________species • • • • 4 Specialized Cells Organized into 2 Layers 1. OUTER LAYER- (epidermis) made up of flattened cells: contain _____________- permit water to enter the central cavity 2. MESENHYL- between layers- Jellylike material – contain __________- provide skeletal support and protection- contain ___________-Carry food particles from collar cells to________, makes spicules and makes sex cells 3. INNER LAYER- contains _________- create currents to draw water into pores and out the opening on top of sponge- collects food Choanocytes in the interior layer draw water through the ostia that penetrate the body wall. The water leaves through the osculum. Reproduction in Sponges • Asexual- Budding or gemmules • Small groups of cells grow from the body wall of the adult and eventually the bud breaks off and attaches elsewhere • • • • • • • • Reproduction in Sponges Sexual- most sponges are _______________ Egg and sperm are made by __________________ 1. sperm are released into water 2. sperm enters pores of another sponge of same species 3. amebocytes surround it and take it to egg cell 4. fertilization- zygote 5. zygote divides to form _________-larva 6. larva settles on surface and grows into sessile adult Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Metazoa, Phylum Cnidaria Hydra and Jellyfish • Cnidarian Characteristics Body: vase shaped ( polyp)- sessile Bell shaped ( medusa)- swimming Defense- nematocysts- “___________” Nervous System- nerve net- ___________- distributed uniformly throughout body- controls feeding, tells the tentacles to pull in foodresponse to stimuli ________Symmetry Reproduction: asexual, sexual Soft bodied Float as adults and ________as larva Cnidarian Classification Class Hydrozoa Class Hydrozoa: _______-species • Colonial, marine, medusa and polyp stages • Hydras are ______colonial, polyp stage only • Asexual( budding)and sexual(hermaphroditic) • Hydras move by ____________ or base secretes gas that makes it float Phylum Cnidaria Class Scyphozoa • • • • • • • • • • “cup animals” 200 species Jellyfish Aurelia- most common jelly Has medusa and polyp stage Planula( ciliated larva) ----- polyp----medusa Phylum Cnidaria Class Anthozoa “flower animals” 6100 species Sea anemone- polyp, sessile, nematocysts, sexual reproduction Corals- polyps, colonial, calcium carbonate skeleton, sessile Phylum Cnidaria Class Cubazoa • • • • • • • • • • • • ____jellies _____shaped medusa Polyp stage is inconspicuous and has rarely been observed A group of ____________is found at each corner of the box Some species can cause severe pain and death among humans Typically live in the tropical northern coast of Australia Phylum Ctenophora Animals in the phylum Ctenophora are known as ctenophores(_______________) and often called comb jellies. Ctenophores move through the water by beating the ______-that occur in eight rows on the outside of their body. Ctenophores capture prey with a sticky substance secreted by their__________-.( which replaces nematocysts) An ___________-at one end of the body enables ctenophores to sense their orientation in the water. Most ctenophores are______________. Many ctenophores have_________________.
