Download REGIONAL B ROUND 10 TOSS-UP 1) GENERAL SCIENCE

REGIONAL B ROUND 10
TOSS-UP
1) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following products were trans fats most
prominent in foods during the mid-20th century and one of the first edible products for humans
produced by hydrogenation:
W) breakfast cereals
X) margarine
Y) milk products
Z) chocolate
ANSWER: X) MARGARINE
BONUS
1) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Order the following 3 foods from the one typically with
the MOST saturated fat to the one with the LEAST: chicken; beef; tuna fish
ANSWER: BEEF; CHICKEN; TUNA FISH
TOSS-UP
2) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT true regarding human
nutrition:
W) some amino acids necessary for protein synthesis are required in the diet
X) essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by humans
Y) some fatty acids are considered essential to the diet
Z) vitamins are needed on a daily basis because they are consumed in the reactions they catalyze
ANSWER: Z) VITAMINS ARE NEEDED ON A DAILY BASIS BECAUSE THEY ARE
CONSUMED IN THE REACTIONS THEY CATALYZE
BONUS
2) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer Name the one of the following 4 animals that would have a tooth
number and structure most different from the other 3 animals: tiger; dog; goat; weasel
ANSWER: GOAT
(Solution: the only herbivore)
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TOSS-UP
3) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes the following
reaction: 2Na(solid) + Cl2(gas)  2NaCl(solid)
W) decomposition
X) synthesis
Y) single replacement
Z) double replacement
ANSWER: X) SYNTHESIS
BONUS
3) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the speed, in meters per second, of a surface wave
that has a frequency of 2 hertz and a wavelength of 2 meters?
ANSWER: 4
(Solution: f λ = speed)
TOSS-UP
4) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is NOT a factor that directly
influences wave size in the open ocean:
W) wind speed
X) swell
Y) fetch
Z) water depth
ANSWER: X) SWELL
BONUS
4) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice The lower layer of all the Earth’s oceans, that comprises
the cold deep water sphere, makes up about what percent of the total ocean volume:
W) 20
X) 40
Y) 60
Z) 80
ANSWER: Z) 80
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TOSS-UP
5) MATH Short Answer Any positive angle between 270º and 360º lies in what quadrant of the
coordinate plane?
ANSWER: 4 (ACCEPT: FOURTH)
BONUS
5) MATH Short Answer What is the length, in feet, of a shadow cast by a tree with a height of 45
feet if at the same time a 6-foot pole casts a shadow that is 2 feet long?
ANSWER: 15
(Solution: 6/2 = 45/x)
TOSS-UP
6) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer Choosing from roundworms, flat worms, bacteria, or
fungi, what general type of organisms causes the human skin infection called ringworm?
ANSWER: FUNGI (ACCEPT: FUNGUS)
BONUS
6) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice For which of the following is a flame test in a chemistry
lab typically used:
W) flammability of certain volatile compounds
X) flammability of any compound or element
Y) detection of certain metal ions
Z) removal of impurities from ionic compounds
ANSWER: Y) DETECTION OF CERTAIN METAL IONS
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TOSS-UP
7) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common name for the biological process where
glucose is oxidized to pyruvate (read as: pye-RHU-vait)?
ANSWER: GLYCOLYSIS
BONUS
7) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What non-membrane bound organelle or structure of a nucleated
cell is made of both protein and RNA and functions to hold the mRNA and tRNA in place during
translation?
ANSWER: RIBOSOME(S)
TOSS-UP
8) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice With which of the following is the energy of a surface
wave on the ocean most directly correlated:
W) speed
X) velocity
Y) amplitude
Z) resonance
ANSWER: Y) AMPLITUDE
BONUS
8) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer If gravitational acceleration is rounded to the nearest
whole number, how many meters will a ball fall from a resting position in one second, if friction is
ignored?
ANSWER: 5
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TOSS-UP
9) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following was most likely formed from
magma that cooled slowly:
W) granite
X) obsidian
Y) basalt
Z) scoria
ANSWER: W) GRANITE
BONUS
9) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes how glacial eskers
are formed:
W) glacial till that accumulates on the sides of a glacier
X) thawing of blocks of glacial ice buried in glacial till
Y) ridges of sand and gravel deposited by streams that form in tunnels at the terminal end of a
glacier
Z) crevasses in ice that fill with subglacial meltwater
ANSWER: Y) RIDGES OF SAND AND GRAVEL DEPOSITED BY STREAMS THAT FORM
IN TUNNELS AT THE TERMINAL END OF A GLACIER
TOSS-UP
10) MATH Short Answer Name all of the following 4 choices that are NOT defined:
10 0 0
;
;
; zero times ten
0 10 0
ANSWER:
10 0
;
0 0
BONUS
10) MATH Short Answer Evaluate the following expression, x – | y – 7 | (read as: x minus the
absolute value of y – 7, close absolute value), when x = 1 and y = –5:
ANSWER: –11
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11) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Sunspots last peaked around the year 2000. Which of
the following years is CLOSEST to the next expected peak:
W) 2013
X) 2018
Y) 2024
Z) 2027
ANSWER: W) 2013
BONUS
11) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following food additives is a common
emulsifying agent derived from seaweed:
W) BHT
X) carrageenan
Y) guar gum
Z) BHA
ANSWER: X) CARRAGEENAN
TOSS-UP
12) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following biological molecules would most
likely be LEAST hydrophilic:
W) amino acid
X) simple sugar
Y) fructose
Z) cholesterol
ANSWER: Z) CHOLESTEROL
BONUS
12) LIFE SCIENCE Multiple Choice If 2 plants are classified in the same class, they must also
belong to the same:
W) genus
X) species
Y) order
Z) division
ANSWER: Z) DIVISION
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TOSS-UP
13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Which one of Newton’s Laws of motion did Newton use
to derive the law of Conservation of Momentum?
ANSWER: THIRD
BONUS
13) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer A lever has a 5-gram mass located 6 centimeters from its
fulcrum. On the opposite side of the fulcrum is a 2-gram mass. How far, in centimeters, must the
2-gram mass be placed from the fulcrum to equally balance the 5-gram mass?
ANSWER: 15
TOSS-UP
14) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following typically form when a continental
margin encounters a subduction zone:
W) mountain chains
X) basin and domes
Y) rift zones
Z) magnetic anomalies
ANSWER: W) MOUNTAIN CHAINS
BONUS
14) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice In which of the following areas are you LEAST likely to
find geysers or hot springs:
W) Wyoming
X) Iceland
Y) Michigan
Z) California
ANSWER: Y) MICHIGAN
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TOSS-UP
15) MATH Short Answer Expand the following logarithmic expression: log x3
ANSWER: 3 LOG X (ACCEPT: 3 LOG BASE 10 OF X)
BONUS
15) MATH Short Answer Remove all negative exponents and simplify the following expression:
x 2 y 3
5x 0 y 7
ANSWER:
1
5x 2 y 4
TOSS-UP
16) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following would occur to a stargazer at
the equator:
W) all stars would stay in their position overnight
X) all stars would rise in the south and set in the north
Y) all stars would rise in the east and set in the west
Z) only circumpolar stars would be visible
ANSWER: Y) ALL STARS WOULD RISE IN THE EAST AND SET IN THE WEST
BONUS
16) GENERAL SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following best describes why the part of
the Moon that is not brightly lighted still appears to have a slight glow:
W) sunlight reflected off the Earth back onto the Moon
X) scattering of light in outer space
Y) reflected light off the Moon’s surface
Z) reflected light from the Moon’s atmosphere
ANSWER: W) SUNLIGHT REFLECTED OFF THE EARTH BACK ONTO THE MOON
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TOSS-UP
17) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In flowering plants, while one pollen nucleus fuses with the egg
cell, with what 2 nuclei does the other pollen nucleus fuse?
ANSWER: POLAR NUCLEI (ACCEPT: CENTRAL NUCLEI)
BONUS
17) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer The flowers of lilies have floral parts typically in multiples of
what number?
ANSWER: 3
TOSS-UP
18) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer If the atomic mass of carbon is 12.0 and the atomic mass
of oxygen is 16.0, then how many grams of carbon dioxide will have one mole of atoms?
ANSWER: 44
BONUS
18) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer By words or number, name all of the following 4 choices
in which at least one new element will be formed from the original element or elements:
1) nuclear fission; 2) nuclear fusion; 3) fluorescence; 4) chemical reaction
ANSWER: 1; 2
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TOSS-UP
19) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is generally TRUE of lava:
W) lava cannot erupt under water
X) all lava has the same chemical composition
Y) lava is always produced during volcanic activity
Z) lava is molten material that cooled and hardened on Earth’s surface
ANSWER: Z) LAVA IS MOLTEN MATERIAL THAT COOLED AND HARDENED ON
EARTH’S SURFACE
BONUS
19) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is widely accepted as the driving
mechanism behind the movement of Earth’s lithospheric plates:
W) convection currents within the mantle
X) remnant elastic energy stored within the core and mantle
Y) rotational energy in the Earth’s core
Z) steep pressure gradient between the core and mantle
ANSWER: W) CONVECTION CURRENTS WITHIN THE MANTLE
TOSS-UP
20) MATH Multiple Choice Which of the following is closest to 167 :
W) 11
X) 12
Y) 13
Z) 14
ANSWER: Y) 13
BONUS
20) MATH Short Answer Factor the following expression completely over the integers: 16x4 – 9
ANSWER: (4x2 + 3)(4x2 – 3)
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TOSS-UP
21) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common coolant used in commercial
nuclear reactors in the U.S.?
ANSWER: WATER
BONUS
21) GENERAL SCIENCE Short Answer What is the most common isotope used as a nuclear fuel
in commercial nuclear reactors in the U.S.?
ANSWER: URANIUM-235 (ACCEPT: U-235)
TOSS-UP
22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer In vertebrate germ cells, how many chromatids are in a single
chromosome at the middle of anaphase of mitosis?
ANSWER: 1
BONUS
22) LIFE SCIENCE Short Answer What is the name for the female organ in sphagnum moss
plants?
ANSWER: ARCHEGONIA
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TOSS-UP
23) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer If the speed of a flying bird doubles, how many times as
much kinetic energy does it possess?
ANSWER: 4
BONUS
23) PHYSICAL SCIENCE Short Answer Arrange the following 4 substances in order of
INCREASING pH: hand soap; lime juice; egg white; black coffee
ANSWER: LIME JUICE; BLACK COFFEE; EGG WHITE; HAND SOAP
(Solution: lime juice ~ 2; black coffee ~ 5; egg white ~ 7.8; hand soap ~ 10)
TOSS-UP
24) EARTH SCIENCE Multiple Choice Which of the following is the best explanation for the
cause of Earth’s seasons:
W) varying distances from the Sun because of Earth’s elliptical orbit
X) 23.5º tilt in Earth’s rotation axis with respect to the ecliptic
Y) yearly changes in perihelion and aphelion
Z) the Earth’s yearly precessional movement
ANSWER: X) 23.5º TILT IN EARTH’S ROTATION AXIS WITH RESPECT TO THE
ECLIPTIC
BONUS
24) EARTH SCIENCE Short Answer Name all of the following 4 choices that are potential
groundwater contaminants: pesticides; agricultural fertilizers; volatile organic compounds;
dihydrogen oxide
ANSWER: PESTICIDES; AGRICULTURAL FERTILIZERS; VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS (ACCEPT: ALL BUT DIHYDROGEN OXIDE)
(Solution: dihydrogen oxide = H2O)
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TOSS-UP
25) MATH Short Answer Giving your answer in decimal form, evaluate
0.09 :
ANSWER: 0.3
BONUS
25) MATH Short Answer Bernard spent $100.00 for 7 used textbooks. If the math books cost $10
and the science books cost $20, how many math and science books, respectively, did he purchase?
ANSWER: MATH = 4; SCIENCE = 3
(Solution: x + y = 7; 10x + 20y = 100; solve system of equations, x = 4 and y = 3)
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