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The Stars Stars vary greatly in size, brightness, temperature, and colour. Here are some of the things we have learned about the properties of stars. Measuring distance Just as with the kilometre, the AU is not very useful when we start to study stuff outside of our Solar System. A much larger unit called the Light-year (Ly). One light-year (1Ly) is the distance that light travels through space in one year. (C = 300 000 km/s) That is fast enough to circle the Earth _______ times every second. Star Brightness ______________ is the amount of energy produced by a star each second. ______________ is a measurement of how bright a star appears from earth. ______________ is the measure of how bright a celestial object would appear at 33 ly. How bright a star seems from the Earth is a factor of ______________ and _____________ the star is. Star Colour and Temperature The colour of a star depends on their ________________. Scale: Red = 3000 0C Orange/yellow = 5000 0C White = +10 000 0C Plotting the Properties of Stars Two astronomers created a special kind of graph that compares star brightness with their ________________ ________________. When this was plotted it showed that these properties are related. For example, as the temperature of a star __________________, its colour becomes more __________. It also gets brighter Grouping Stars The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram arranges stars into groups based on their brightness, colour and surface temperature. 1. Arrange these stars in order from hottest to least hot: Betelgeuse, – red Aldeberan – orange Zeta Orionis – Blue Polaris – yellow/white Sun, alpha century – yellow Rigel, – blue/white Sirius B – white 2. Beside each star (or pair) classify the star as a blue supergiant, red supergiant, or a white dwarf