Download Chapter 7 Assignment GEarthOL

Geology 110: Earth and Space Science
Chapter 7 (Rocks and Minerals)
Homework
SELF-REFLECTION AND COMPREHENSION SURVEYS
Checkpoint 7.1, p. 185
#1: Examine the atomic models below and answer the question that follows. The filled
black circles represent electrons. (Note: Electrons and nucleus are not drawn to scale.)
Assuming that the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons, which
picture represents the atom of carbon that has an atomic number of 6?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
Checkpoint 7.3, p. 188
#2: The total electrical charges of the ions of the elements in the mineral olivine must
balance. Based on the data in Table 7.1, which is the most reasonable equation for the
mineral?
a) MgSiO2
b) MgSiO4
c) Mg2SiO4
d) Mg4SiO2
Checkpoint 7.5, p. 188
#3: Which of the following cannot be classified as a mineral?
a. Salt
b. Ice
c. Diamond
d. Glass
Checkpoint 7.6, p. 191 (see page 191 for diagram)
#4: Finish the partially completed concept map for minerals provided here. Add
additional levels to the concept map.
Checkpoint 7.7, p. 191
#5: Examine the following images of the mineral halite, and identify how many cleavage
planes are present. (Please note: this is several samples of one mineral called halite (salt).
View the various samples and determine on how many planes the crystal faces are
repeated when broken).
Answer: number of cleavage planes is:
Checkpoint 7.10, p. 195
#6: Name each of the 4 igneous rocks pictured here and explain the reasons for your
choices.
Answer for #10 (from left to right) with explanation:
Checkpoint 7.11, p. 198
#7: Complete the following table by identifying which of the characteristics in the lefthand column are present in volcanic and/or plutonic igneous rocks and placing a check
mark (or an “X”) in the appropriate column(s). Do not place a check mark in either
column if the characteristic is not present. One characteristic has been completed as an
example.
Characteristic
Volcanic
igneous rocks
Plutonic
igneous rocks


May form from basaltic magma
Form at Earth’s surface
Have texture
Made of small grains
Granite is an example
Form as a result of melting
May form from rhyolite magma
May form in the presence of water
Present at Earth’s surface only after erosion
Contains minerals
Andesite is an example
Classified based on color
Dark-colored examples have low silica content
Contain visible grains
Checkpoint 7.15, p. 205
#8: Venn Diagram: Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
Use the Venn diagram provided here to compare and contrast chemical and biochemical
sedimentary rocks. Identify at least 7 characteristics.
Checkpoint 7.21, p. 209
#9: Cooking an egg could be seen as an analog for the formation of
a. igneous rock.
b. metamorphic rock .
c. sedimentary rock.
Concrete is formed by adding cement and water to a mixture of sand and gravel. This
could be seen as an analog for the formation of what type of sedimentary rock?
a. Clastic
b. Chemical
c. Biochemical
Checkpoint 7.22, p. 209: Rock Cycle Diagram
#10: The following diagram illustrates the rock cycle. Match the lettered responses to the
blank ovals on the diagram (see page 209). Note: some letters are used more than once.
Example: If you believe that metamorphic rock is converted to magma by cementation
and compaction, enter “a” in the blank below:
a. Cementation and compaction (lithification)
b. Heat and Pressure
c. Weathering, transportation, deposition
d. Cooling and solidification
e. Melting
(Online classes: fill in blanks below and submit inline)
-Metamorphic Rock__________________ Magma
-Magma_____________________ Igneous Rock
-Igneous Rock___________________ Metamorphic Rock
-Metamorphic Rock______________________ Sediment
-Sedimentary Rock___________________ Metamorphic Rock
-Igneous Rock____________________ Sediment
-Sedimentary Rock___________________ Sediment
-Sediment____________________ Sedimentary Rock
(In-person students: use chart below)
Checkpoint 7.23, p. 210
(All Classes, please read: In this case (for this question), no venn diagram will be
used; instead, use IG for igneous rock, SD for sedimentary rock and MT for
metamorphic rock…remember, if it applies to all three, for example, than type all
three next to the characteristic below…#1 is completed for an example.
#11: Use the Venn diagram (not needed, please read above) provided here to compare
and contrast igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
1. Present on Earth (IG, SD, MT)
2. Formed from magma
3. Form exclusively at or near the surface
4. May form many kilometers below the surface
5. Example: Gneiss
6. Classification of this/these rock type(s) considers texture
7. Form beds
8. Can be deposited in running water
9. May form at a temperature of 500oC
10. Example: Andesite
11. May be composed of small grains or crystals
12. May undergo weathering at Earth’s surface to form sediment
13. Form as a result of crystallization
14. Form under conditions of increasing heat and pressure
15. Solidify under conditions of decreasing heat
16. Coal, coral, coquina, and chalk are examples
17. Made of minerals
Checkpoint 7.8, p. 191 (Optional, extra credit)
#12: Some terrorist groups have used illegal sales of so-called “blood diamonds” to fund
their operations. Government agencies that seek to cut off funds for terrorism would like
to separate these diamonds from legal shipments entering the country. Imagine that you
were asked to examine a shipment containing diamonds from 5 different nations. How
easy would it be to separate out diamonds that came from a region known to support
terrorism?